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Smolentseva I.G.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education;
Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic of Medical Center the Administrative

Kuzmina A.V.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education

Levin O.S.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Clinical and kinematic analysis of swimming disorders in Parkinson’s disease

Authors:

Smolentseva I.G., Kuzmina A.V., Levin O.S.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;125(12): 120‑125

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2025125121120

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Table of contents

CLINICAL AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SWIMMING DISORDERS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE
CLINICAL AND KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SWIMMING DISORDERS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE

To cite this article:

Smolentseva IG, Kuzmina AV, Levin OS. Clinical and kinematic analysis of swimming disorders in Parkinson’s disease. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;125(12):120‑125. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2025125121120

Подписка 2026 Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова (S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
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Abstract:

BACKGROUND

Recently, there has been an increase in swimming disorders among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), resulting in a partial or complete loss of this motor skill. The study of these disorders is of considerable scientific and practical interest, since they can significantly limit daily activity, reduce the quality of life, and increase the risk of drowning.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the prevalence and conduct a clinical and kinematic study of swimming disorders in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included 100 patients with Hoehn & Yahr stage I—III PD. The patients were divided into two groups: those with impaired swimming (n=67) and those without impaired swimming (n=33). The groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, and disease duration and stage (p>0.05). The patients of the test group significantly differed from the comparison group due to more severe motor impairments in Part III of the MDS-UPDRS scale (p=0.033) and reduced daily activity according to the Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale, p=0.041. Swimming assessment methods included the following: all participants performed video recording of swimming in the pool with synchronous recording of movements using inertial sensors (accelerometer+gyroscope) and underwater video cameras. Additional methods included clinical and neurological examination and assessment with standard scales (MDS-UPDRS, Schwab & England, scales for assessing cognitive and affective functions).

RESULTS

Our study indicated that swimming disorders are common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and may develop early on. The study established a link between swimming-related motor disorders and axial motor disorders. Further research is needed to study this unusual manifestation in detail and the methods for its treatment.

Keywords:

Parkinson’s disease
swimming disorder
aquaphobia
swimming apraxia
rehabilitation

Authors:

Smolentseva I.G.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education;
Central Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic of Medical Center the Administrative

Kuzmina A.V.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education

Levin O.S.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Received:

30.08.2025

Accepted:

04.09.2025

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