The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Drapkina O.M.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases

Stilidi I.S.

National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin

Kaprin A.D.

National Medical Research Radiological Center;
Association of Oncologists of Russia

Belyaev A.M.

N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology

Laktionov K.K.

National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin

Tyurin I.E.

National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin

Ivanov S.A.

A.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre — Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre

Sinitsyn V.E.

Russian Society of Radiology;
Lomonosov Moscow State University

Almazova I.I.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Rubtsova N.A.

National Medical Research Radiological Center

Bagnenko S.S.

N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology

Burovik I.A.

N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology

Khailova Zh.V.

National Medical Research Radiological Center

Kalinin P.S.

Region Clinical Hospital

Nesterov D.V.

N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology

Levchenko N.E.

N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology

Ivanova E.S.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Shepel’ R.N.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
Russian Society for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases

Drozdova L.Yu.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Berns S.A.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Egorov V.A.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Lung cancer screening as a part of the preventive medical examination of certain groups of the adult population. Methodological recommendations

Authors:

Drapkina O.M., Stilidi I.S., Kaprin A.D., Belyaev A.M., Laktionov K.K., Tyurin I.E., Ivanov S.A., Sinitsyn V.E., Almazova I.I., Rubtsova N.A., Bagnenko S.S., Burovik I.A., Khailova Zh.V., Kalinin P.S., Nesterov D.V., Levchenko N.E., Ivanova E.S., Shepel’ R.N., Drozdova L.Yu., Berns S.A., Egorov V.A.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2026;29(1‑2): 9‑37

Read: 1513 times


To cite this article:

Drapkina OM, Stilidi IS, Kaprin AD, et al. Lung cancer screening as a part of the preventive medical examination of certain groups of the adult population. Methodological recommendations. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2026;29(1‑2):9‑37. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed2026290129

Recommended articles:
Guidelines for asse­ssing the quality of mammographic images. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(6):21-32
Prevalence and characteristics of risk factors for cere­brovascular disease in overweight. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(5):118-124
Sacral dysmorphism in patients with traumatology and orthopedics. Russian Journal of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy. 2025;(2):30-37

References:

  1. Global cancer burden growing, amidst mounting need for services: [Electronic resource]. World health organization. https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/01-02-2024-global-cancer-burden-growing--amidst-mounting-need-for-services
  2. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2024;74(3):229-263.  https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21834
  3. Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovanija v Rossii v 2023 godu (zabolevaemost’ i smertnost’). Pod red. A.D. Kaprina. M.: MNIOI im. P.A. Gercena — filial FGBU «NMIC radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2024. ill. 276 s. (In Russ.).
  4. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Low-Dose Computed Tomographic Screening. New England Journal of Medicine. 2011;365(5):395-409.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1102873
  5. de Koning HJ, van der Aalst CM, de Jong PA, et al. Reduced Lung-Cancer Mortality with Volume CT Screening in a Randomized Trial. New England journal of medicine. 2020;382(6):503-513.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1911793
  6. International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators, Henschke CI, Yankelevitz DF, et al. Survival of Patients with Stage I Lung Cancer Detected on CT Screening. New England Journal of Medicine. 2006;355(17):1763-1771. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa060476
  7. Goldstraw P, Chansky K, Crowley J, et al. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Eighth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2016;11(1):39-51.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.009
  8. Christensen J, Prosper AE, Wu CC, et al. ACR Lung-RADS v2022: Assessment Categories and Management Recommendations. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2024;21(3):473-488.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2023.09.009
  9. Davydov MI, Polockij BE. Rak legkogo. M.: Radiks, 1994. (In Russ.).
  10. Trahtenberg AH, Chissov VI. Rak legkogo. Rukovodstvo. Atlas. M.: GJeOTAR-Media, 2009. (In Russ.).
  11. Adams SJ, Stone E, Baldwin DR, et al. Lung cancer screening. Lancet. 2023;401(10374):390-408.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01694-4
  12. Toumazis I, Bastani M, Han SS, Plevritis SK. Risk-Based lung cancer screening: A systematic review. Lung Cancer. 2020;147:154-186.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.007
  13. Sostojanie onkologicheskoj pomoshhi naseleniju Rossii v 2024 godu. Pod red. A.D. Kaprina, V.V. Starinskogo, A.O. Shahzadovoj. M.: MNIOI im. P.A. Gercena — filial FGBU «NMIC radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2025. ill. 275 s. ISBN 978-5-85502-309-1. (In Russ.).
  14. Sostojanie onkologicheskoj pomoshhi naseleniju Rossii v 2023 godu. Red. Kaprin A.D., Starinskij V.V., Shahzadova A.O. M.: MNIOI im. P.A. Gercena — filial FGBU «NMIC radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii, 2024. 262 s. (In Russ.).
  15. Yurkova YuP, Merabishvili VM, Levchenko EV. Epidemiology and survival of lung cancer patients, the impact of COVID-19. (clinical and population-based study). Voprosy onkologii. 2022;68(5):576-588. (In Russ.).
  16. Oliver AL. Lung Cancer: Epidemiology and Screening. Surgical clinics of North America. 2022;102(3):335-344.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suc.2021.12.001
  17. Hill W, Lim EL, Weeden CE, et al. Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants. Nature. 2023;616(7955):159-167.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05874-3
  18. for Europe W. H. Organization. R. O. Screening programmes: a short guide. Increase effectiveness, maximize benefits and minimize harm. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe, 2020. 58 p. 
  19. Wilson JM, Jungner YG. Principles and practice of mass screening for disease. Boletin de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana. 1968;65(4):281-393. 
  20. Goldstraw P, Chansky K, Crowley J, et al. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Eighth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2016;11(1):39-51.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.009
  21. Wood DE, Kazerooni EA, Baum SL, et al. Lung Cancer Screening, Version 3.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2018;16(4):412-441.  https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2018.0020
  22. Morozov SP, Vladzimirskiy AV, Gombolevskiy VA, et al. Artificial intelligence in lung cancer screening: assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm analyzing low-dose computed tomography. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2020;98(8):24-31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-8-24-31
  23. Kazerooni EA, Armstrong MR, Amorosa JK, et al. ACR CT Accreditation Program and the Lung Cancer Screening Program Designation. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2016;13(2 Suppl):R30-R34.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2015.12.010
  24. Goulart BH, Ramsey SD. Moving beyond the national lung screening trial: discussing strategies for implementation of lung cancer screening programs. Oncologist. 2013;18(8):941-946.  https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0007
  25. Black WC, Gareen IF, Soneji SS, et al. Cost-effectiveness of CT screening in the National Lung Screening Trial. New England Journal of Medicine. United States. 2014;371(19):1793-1802. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1312547
  26. Reitsma MB, Fullman N, Ng M, et al. Smoking Prevalence and Attributable Disease Burden in 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2017; 389(10082):1885-1906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30819-X
  27. O’Keeffe LM, Taylor G, Huxley RR, et al. Smoking as a Risk Factor for Lung Cancer in Women and Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMJ Open. 2018;8(10):e021611. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021611
  28. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, et al Mortality from Tobacco in Developed Countries: Indirect Estimation from National Vital Statistics. Lancet. 1992; 339(8804):1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(92)91600-d
  29. Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D, et al. 50-Year Trends in Smoking-Related Mortality in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013; 368(4):351-364.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1211127
  30. Hackshaw AK, Law MR, Wald NJ. The Accumulated Evidence on Lung Cancer and Environmental Tobacco Smoke. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 1997;315(7114):980-988.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7114.980
  31. Rushton L, Hutchings SJ, Fortunato L, et al. Occupational Cancer Burden in Great Britain. British Journal of Cancer. 2012;107 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S3-S7.  https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2012.112
  32. Steenland K, Mannetje A, Boffetta P, et al. Pooled Exposure-Response Analyses and Risk Assessment for Lung Cancer in 10 Cohorts of Silica-Exposed Workers: An IARC Multicentre Study. Cancer Causes & Control. 2001; 12(9): 773-784.  https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1012214102061
  33. Darby S, Hill D, Auvinen A, et al. Radon in Homes and Risk of Lung Cancer: Collaborative Analysis of Individual Data from 13 European Case-Control Studies. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 2005;330(7485):223.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38308.477650.63
  34. Lissowska J, Foretova L, Dabek J, et al. Family History and Lung Cancer Risk: International Multicentre Case-Control Study in Eastern and Central Europe and Meta-Analyses. Cancer Causes & Control. 2010;21(7):1091-1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9537-2
  35. Amos CI, Wu X, Broderick P, et al. Genome-Wide Association Scan of Tag SNPs Identifies a Susceptibility Locus for Lung Cancer at 15q25.1. Nature Genetics. 2008;40(5):616-622.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.109
  36. Wang Z, Seow WJ, Shiraishi K, et al. Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies Multiple Lung Cancer Susceptibility Loci in Never-Smoking Asian Women. Human Molecular Genetics. 2016;25(3):620-629.  https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddv494
  37. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, et al. Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Incidence in 17 European Cohorts: Prospective Analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). Lancet. Oncology. 2013;14(9):813-822.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70279-1
  38. Liang HY, Li XL, Yu XS, et al. Facts and Fiction of the Relationship Between Preexisting Tuberculosis and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Cancer. 2009;125(12):2936-2944. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24636
  39. Wasswa-Kintu S, Gan WQ, Man SF, et al. Relationship Between Reduced Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thorax. 2005;60(7):570-575.  https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2004.037135
  40. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for Lung Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;325(10):962-970.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.1117
  41. van Iersel CA, de Koning HJ, Draisma G, et al. Risk-Based Selection from the General Population in a Screening Trial: Selection Criteria, Recruitment and Power for the Dutch-Belgian Randomised Lung Cancer Multi-Slice CT Screening Trial (NELSON). International Journal of Cancer. 2007;120(4): 868-874.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.22134
  42. Becker N, Motsch E, Trotter A, et al. Lung Cancer Mortality Reduction by LDCT Screening-Results from the Randomized German LUSI Trial. International Journal of Cancer. 2020;146(6):1503-1513. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.32486
  43. Yang P, Wang Y, Wampfler JA, et al. Trends in Subpopulations at High Risk for Lung Cancer. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2016;11(2):194-202.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2015.10.016
  44. Wood DE, Kazerooni EA, Aberle DR, et al. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Lung Cancer Screening, Version 1.2025. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 2025;23(1):e250002. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2025.0002
  45. Tammemagi CM, Pinsky PF, Caporaso NE, et al. Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Models and Validation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2011;103(13):1058-1068. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djr173
  46. Cassidy A, Myles JP, van Tongeren M, et al. The LLP Risk Model: An Individual Risk Prediction Model for Lung Cancer. British Journal of Cancer. 2008;98(2):270-276.  https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6604158
  47. Bach PB, Mirkin JN, Oliver TK, et al. Benefits and Harms of CT Screening for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. JAMA. 2012;307(22):2418-2429. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.5521
  48. International Early Lung Cancer Action Program Investigators, Henschke CI, Yip R, Miettinen OS. Women’s Susceptibility to Tobacco Carcinogens and Survival After Diagnosis of Lung Cancer. JAMA. 2006;296(2):180-184.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.2.180
  49. Vardhanabhuti V, Loader RJ, Mitchell GR, et al. Image Quality Assessment of Standard- and Low-Dose Chest CT Using Filtered Back Projection, Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction, and Novel Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction Algorithms. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2013; 200(3): 545-552.  https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9424
  50. Barrett JF, Keat N. Artifacts in CT: Recognition and Avoidance. Radiographics. 2004;24(6):1679-1691. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.246045065
  51. Xia C, Dong X, Li H, et al. Cancer statistics in China and United States, 2022: profiles, trends, and determinants. Chinese Medical Journal. 2022; 135(5):584-590.  https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000002108
  52. Zaridze DG, Kaprin AD, Stilidi IS. Dynamics of morbidity and mortality from malignant tumors in Russia. Voprosy onkologii. 2018;64(5):578-591. (In Russ.).
  53. Tang X, Qu G, Wang L, et al. Low-dose CT screening can reduce cancer mortality: A meta-analysis. Rev Assoc Med Bras. (1992). 2019;65(12): 1508-1514. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.12.1508
  54. dos Santos RS, Franceschini JP, Chate RC, et al. Do Current Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines Apply for Populations With High Prevalence of Granulomatous Disease? Results From the First Brazilian Lung Cancer Screening Trial (BRELT1). Annals of thoracic surgery. 2016;101(2):481-488.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.07.013
  55. Morozov SP, Gombolevsky VA, Vladzymyrskyy AV, et al. Low-dose computed tomography in Moscow for lung cancer screening (LDCT-MLCS): baseline results. Voprosy Onkologii. 2019;65(2):224-233. (In Russ.).
  56. Medici TC, Wehrli R, Züllig A. Early diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma using thoracic roentgen imaging and sputum cytology. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift. 1987;117(39):1448-1457.
  57. Bradley SH, Abraham S, Callister ME, et al. Sensitivity of chest X-ray for detecting lung cancer in people presenting with symptoms: a systematic review. British Journal of General Practice. 2019;69(689):e827-e835. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X706853
  58. Bradley SH, Bhartia BS, Callister ME, et al. Chest X-ray sensitivity and lung cancer outcomes: a retrospective observational study. British Journal of General Practice. 2021;71(712):e862-e868. https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGP.2020.1099
  59. Manser RL, Irving LB, Stone C, et al. Screening for lung cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2001;(3):CD001991. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001991
  60. Flehinger BJ, Kimmel M, Polyak T, et al. Screening for lung cancer. The Mayo Lung Project revisited. Cancer. 1993;72(5):1573-1580. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19930901)72:5<1573::aid-cncr2820720514>3.0.co;2-9
  61. Usman Ali M, Miller J, Peirson L, et al. Screening for lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine. 2016;89:301-314.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.04.015
  62. Oken MM, Hocking WG, Kvale PA, et al. Screening by chest radiograph and lung cancer mortality: the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;306(17):1865-1873. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1591
  63. Kvale PA, Johnson CC, Tammemägi M, et al. Interval lung cancers not detected on screening chest X-rays: How are they different? Lung Cancer. 2014; 86(1):41-46. 
  64. Muhm JR, Miller WE, Fontana RS, et al. Lung cancer detected during a screening program using four month chest radiographs. Radiology. 1983; 148(3):609-615.  https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.148.3.6308709
  65. Fontana RS. The Mayo Lung Project: a perspective. Cancer. 2000;89(11 Suppl):2352-2355. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20001201)89:11+<2352::aid-cncr7>3.3.co;2-x
  66. Kubík AK, Parkin DM, Zatloukal P. Czech Study on Lung Cancer Screening: post-trial follow-up of lung cancer deaths up to year 15 since enrollment. Cancer. 2000;89(11 Suppl):2363-2368. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20001201)89:11+<2363::aid-cncr9>3.3.co;2-n
  67. Brett GZ. The value of lung cancer detection by 6 monthly chest radiographs. Thorax. 1968;23(4):414-420.  https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.23.4.414
  68. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Church TR, Black WC, et al. Results of initial low-dose computed tomographic screening for lung cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368(21):1980-1991. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1209120
  69. Aberle DR, DeMello S, Berg CD, et al. Results of the two incidence screenings in the National Lung Screening Trial. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;369(10):920-931.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1208962
  70. Pinsky PF, Gierada DS, Black W, et al. Performance of Lung-RADS in the National Lung Screening Trial: a retrospective assessment. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2015;162(7):485-491.  https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2086
  71. Hammer MM, Byrne SC, Kong CY. Factors Influencing the False Positive Rate in CT Lung Cancer Screening. Academic Radiology. 2022;29 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S18-S22.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.040
  72. Scholten ET, Horeweg N, de Koning HJ, et al. Computed tomographic characteristics of interval and post screen carcinomas in lung cancer screening. European Radiology. 2015;25(1):81-88.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-014-3394-4
  73. Heuvelmans MA, Oudkerk M. Appropriate screening intervals in low-dose CT lung cancer screening. Translational Lung Cancer Research. 2018;7(3):281-287.  https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr.2018.05.08
  74. Gierada DS, Pinsky PF, Duan F, et al. Interval lung cancer after a negative CT screening examination: CT findings and outcomes in National Lung Screening Trial participants. European Radiology. 2017;27(8):3249-3256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4705-8
  75. Pedersen JH, Ashraf H, Dirksen A, et al. The Danish randomized lung cancer CT screening trial--overall design and results of the prevalence round. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2009;4(5):608-614.  https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181a0d98f
  76. Field JK, Duffy SW, Baldwin DR, et al. The UK Lung Cancer Screening Trial: a pilot randomised controlled trial of low-dose computed tomography screening for the early detection of lung cancer. Health technology assessment. 2016;20(40):1-146.  https://doi.org/10.3310/hta20400
  77. Black C, de Verteuil R, Walker S, et al. Population screening for lung cancer using computed tomography, is there evidence of clinical effectiveness? A systematic review of the literature. Thorax. 2007;62(2):131-138.  https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2006.064659
  78. Bhamani A, Creamer A, Verghese P, et al. Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening in a high-risk population (SUMMIT): a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Oncology. 2025;26(5):609-619.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00082-8
  79. Chudgar NP, Bucciarelli PR, Jeffries EM, et al. Results of the national lung cancer screening trial: where are we now? Thoracic Surgery Clinics. 2015; 25(2):145-153.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2014.11.002
  80. Bonney A, Malouf R, Marchal C, et al. Impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on lung cancer‐related mortality. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022;8(8):CD013829. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013829.pub2
  81. Kovalchik SA, Tammemagi M, Berg CD, et al. Targeting of low-dose CT screening according to the risk of lung-cancer death. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;369(3):245-254.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1301851
  82. Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality with Extended Follow-up in the National Lung Screening Trial. Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2019;14(10): 1732-1742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2019.05.044
  83. Tammemagi MC, Schmidt H, Martel S, et al. Participant selection for lung cancer screening by risk modelling (the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer [PanCan] study): a single-arm, prospective study. Lancet Oncology. 2017;18(11):1523-1531.
  84. Prikaz Minzdrava Rossii ot 27.04.2021 №404n «Ob utverzhdenii porjadka provedenija profilakticheskogo medicinskogo osmotra i dispanserizacii opredelennyh grupp vzroslogo naselenija». (In Russ.). https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/401314440/?ysclid=mjre4gt4fu358453307
  85. Drapkina OM, Drozdova LYu, Kalinina AM, et al. Organizacija provedenija profilakticheskogo medicinskogo osmotra i dispanserizacii opredelennyh grupp vzroslogo naselenija. Metodicheskie rekomendacii. Izdanie 2-e. M.: FGBU «NMIC TPM» Minzdrava Rossii, 2020. 232 s. (In Russ.).
  86. Wood DE, Kazerooni EA, Aberle D, et al. NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Lung Cancer Screening, Version 1.2022. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022; 20(7):754-764.  https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2022.0036
  87. Vonder M, Dorrius MD, Vliegenthart R. Latest CT technologies in lung cancer screening: protocols and radiation dose reduction. Translational Lung Cancer Research. 2021;10(2):1154-1164. https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr-20-808
  88. Nacional’naja strategija po bor’be s onkozabolevanijami na dolgosrochnyj period do 2030 goda: [Electronic resource]. (In Russ.). https://nop2030.ru/dokumenty/natsionalnaya-strategiya-po-borbe-s-onkozabolevaniyami-na-dolgosrochnyj-period-do-2030-goda
  89. Bade BC, Dela Cruz CS. Lung Cancer 2020: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 2020;41(1):1-24.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.001
  90. Mukeria AF, Zaridze DG. Lung cancer epidemiology and prevention. Vestnik RONC im. N.N. Blohina RAMN. 2010;21(3):3-13. (In Russ.). Accessed: July 11, 2025. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/epidemiologiya-i-profilaktika-raka-legkogo
  91. Kathuria H, Neptune E. Primary and Secondary Prevention of Lung Cancer: Tobacco Treatment. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 2020;41(1):39-51.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2019.10.002
  92. Rak legkogo. Informacionnyj bjulleten’ Vsemirnoj Organizacii Zdravoohranenija: [Electronic resource]. (In Russ.). https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lung-cancer
  93. Zlokachestvennoe novoobrazovanie bronhov i legkogo. Klinicheskie rekomendacii: [Electronic resource]. (In Russ.). https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/preview-cr/30_4
  94. GBD 2019 Respiratory Tract Cancers Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of respiratory tract cancers and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Ebrahimi H., et al. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2021;9(9):1030-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00164-8
  95. Babanov SA, Budash DS, Baykova AG, et al. Occupational malignant tumors of the lungs and other organs and potentially dangerous industrial carcinogens. Consilium Medicum. 2017;19(11):39-46. (In Russ.). Accessed: July 9, 2025. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/professionalnye-zlokachestvennye-novoobrazovaniya-legkih-i-drugih-lokalizatsiy-i-potentsialno-opasnye-proizvodstvennye-kantserogeny
  96. Rak legkogo. FGBU «NMIC radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii: [Electronic resource]. (In Russ.). https://new.nmicr.ru/pacientam/oncology/verhnie-dyhatelnye-puti/rak-legkogo
  97. Novikova SV, Vazhenin AV, Tyukov YA. Lung cancer: epidemiology, diagnosis and prevention (literature review). Nepreryvnoe medicinskoe obrazovanie i nauka. 2024;19(4):22-27. Accessed: July 12, 2025. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rak-lyogkogo-epidemiologiya-diagnostika-i-profilaktika-obzor-literatur

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.