OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the clinical features and the level of the inflammatory markers CCL5, slCAM-1, sVCAM-1, NCAM, PAI-1, and MPO in the groups of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) at various stages according to Hoehn and Yahr.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included 533 patients with PD. All patients underwent a clinical neurological examination to determine the stage of PD, the severity of motor disorders according to the MDS-UPDRS scale (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale of the Movement Disorder Society), and testing using validated questionnaires: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Fatigue Severity Scale, Scale for assessing autonomic disorders in PD patients. Behavioral disorders were evaluated using QUIP-RS. 144 PD patients had their serum concentration of several inflammatory markers measured (CCL5, slCAM-1, sVCAM-1, NCAM, PAI-1, and MPO) on the MAGPIX multiplex analyzer (Luminex, USA) using xMAP Technology. Genotyping of polymorphic variants of CCL5 (rs2107538) and PAI-1 (rs2227631) genes was performed using real-time PCR.

RESULTS

The serum levels of slCAM-1, sVCAM-1, CCL5, and NCAM varied in PD patients depending on the Hoehn and Yahr stage and disease duration. Correlations of serum marker levels were found both among themselves and with motor and non-motor disorders, which indicate a systemic inflammatory profile when increased peripheral production of CCL5, slCAM-1, sVCAM-1, NCAM, PAI-1, and MPO may play a role in the neurodegenerative process.

CONCLUSION

The serum level of inflammatory markers, such as CCL5, slCAM-1, sVCAM-1, NCAM, PAI-1, and MPO, in PD patients varies depending on the stage of the progressive neurodegenerative process, indicating the importance of systemic inflammation during PD.