One of the developing research areas of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is the study of the neurocognitive profile of the patients, supported by the clinical practice to address the issues of diagnosis, course prediction, response to drug therapy, as well as the relationship of cognitive impairment with the level of social and labor adaptation of patients, and mental health sciences to analyze the BAD subtypes and clarify their neurobiological ground. By searching using combinations of the keywords «bipolar disorder», «psychosis», «BD I type», «BD II type», «cognitive impairment», «cognitive dysfunction», «meta-analysis», and «review» in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, relevant meta-analyses, reviews, and original research articles were identified. The results showed that the BAD subgroups with and without psychotic manifestations, types I and II BAD, have different structures of the neurocognitive profile and the depth and severity of cognitive impairment, which can be assumed to reflect differences in the neurobiological mechanisms of these disorders. For future studies, it is interesting to compare the neurocognitive profile and psychopathological manifestations of the subgroups discussed to study BAD further. Evaluating the neurocognitive profile of BAD subgroups may increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis and therapy. Determining reliable causal factors will help implement personalized therapeutic interventions and develop effective preventive programs.