The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Chugunov D.A.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Shmilovich A.A.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Primary and secondary negative disorders in schizophrenia as an actual problem of modern clinical psychiatry

Authors:

Chugunov D.A., Shmilovich A.A.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2022;122(8): 41‑47

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212208141

Views: 6613

Downloaded: 231

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

To cite this article:

Chugunov DA, Shmilovich AA. Primary and secondary negative disorders in schizophrenia as an actual problem of modern clinical psychiatry. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2022;122(8):41‑47. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202212208141

 
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Willingness to expend effort for rewa­rds in indi­viduals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: a rela­tionship with the seve­rity and stability of nega­tive symptoms. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(2):109-115
The rela­tionship between the functional state of the brain and clinical and constitutional factors in schi­zophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(2):123-128
A perspective on the application of CRISPR/CAS9 genome editing system to study of mole­cular-genetic basis of mental diso­rders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(3):27-33
Asso­ciations between components of meta­bolic syndrome and cognitive impairment in patients with schi­zophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(3):82-87
Cere­bral hemo­dynamic diso­rders in patients with schi­zophrenia with concomitant meta­bolic syndrome. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(4):80-85
Clinical and psychopathological characteristics of patients with late-onset schi­zophrenia and schi­zophrenia-like psychoses in clusters identified by biological para­meters. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(4):137-144
Clinical and psychometric characteristics of cognitive and nega­tive diso­rders in schi­zophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(4-2):64-71
Controversial issues of diagnosis and theoretical concepts of schi­zophrenia in childhood. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7):17-24
Psychological concepts — design of clinical models of schi­zophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7):25-31
Pharmacotherapy of schi­zophrenia: clinical and some age-related aspe­cts. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7):41-50

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent, at the present stage of their study, a certain group of mental pathology. They include motivation disorders or volitional disorders (anhedonia, abulia, asociality) and disorders of reduced expression or emotional disorders (alogia/poverty of speech and emotional decline/flattening). Negative symptoms are key disorders in schizophrenia, often appear at the pre-manifest stage of the disease, and significantly affect the prognosis and response to therapy. From a scientific and practical point of view, it is important to distinguish between primary and secondary negative symptoms, where the primary symptoms are nuclear, inherent in schizophrenia, and the secondary ones are the result of the influence of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations), depression, side-effects of medications, social isolation and hospitalism. Changes in the concept of primary and secondary negative disorders as well as a pathophysiological basis of negative symptoms are considered.

Keywords:

schizophrenia
negative symptoms
primary negative symptoms
secondary negative symptoms
motivational dimension
dimension of diminished expression

Authors:

Chugunov D.A.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Shmilovich A.A.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Received:

11.04.2022

Accepted:

04.05.2022

List of references:

  1. Smirnova DA. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia in the focus of the researcher, clinician and patient. Psychiatria. 2014;4(64):66-80. (In Russ.).
  2. Imanbekov KO. The structure of deficit disorders in schizophrenia (literature review). Voprosi Mentalnoy Medicini i Ecologii. 2009;15(3):40-43. (In Russ.).
  3. Haslam J. Observations on madness and melancholy. London: J Callow; 1809.
  4. Pearce JM. Positive and negative cerebral symptoms: the roles of Russell Reynolds and Hughlings Jackson. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:8:1148.
  5. Jackson JH. On temporary mental disorders after epileptic paroxysms. West Riding Lunatic Asylum Med Rep. 1885;5:105-129. 
  6. Pyatnitskiy NYu. «Primary», «basic» and «secondary» symptoms of schizophrenia in the concept of E. Bleuler. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2017;117(8):88-97. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20171178188-97
  7. Bleuler E. Die prognose der Dementia praecox (Schizophreniegruppe). Allgemeine Zeitschrift fuer Psychiatrie und Psychisch-Gerichtliche Medizin (Herasgeb. von Deutschlands Irrenaerzten). Fuenfundsechzigster Band. Berlin: Druck und Verlag von Georg Reimer; 1908.
  8. Bleuler E. Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. In: Handbuch der Psychiatrie (Herausgeb. von G. Aschaffenburg). Spezieller Teil. 4. Abteilung, 1. Haelfte. Leipzig und Wien: Franz Deuticke; 1911.
  9. Kraepelin E. Introduction to a psychiatric clinic. Kraepelin E.; Afterword by Ovsyannikov S.A. M.: BINOM. Laboratoria znaniy; 2004. (In Russ.).
  10. Jean Garrabe. History of schizophrenia. M.—SPb. 2000 (In Russ.).
  11. Morozov PV, Becker RA, Bykov YuV. Titans of psychiatry of the XX century. M.: ID «Gorodets»; 2020. (In Russ.).
  12. Kannabikh Yu. History of psychiatry. Preface by P.B. Gannushkin. Reprint edition. M.: CTR MGP VOS; 1994. (In Russ.).
  13. Pyatnitskiy NYu. Nominalistic aspects of clinical psychopathology: delusion and monomanias. Nezavisimyj Psihiatricheskij Zhurnal. 2008;III:11-17. (In Russ.).
  14. Pyatnitsky NYu. Relevant aspects of the phenomenology of delusions in pre-Kraepelin’s psychiatry. Rossijskij Psihiatricheskij Zhurnal. 2009;2:51-59. (In Russ.).
  15. Bleuler M. Die schizophrenen Geistesstorungen im Lichte. Langjariger Kranken- und Familien-geschichten. Stuttgart. 1972.
  16. Karl Jaspers. General psychopathology. Trans. from German. M.: Practica; 1997. (In Russ.).
  17. Jaspers K. Strindberg and Van Gogh. M.: Gumanitarnoe Agentsvo «Akademicheskiy proekt»; 1999. (In Russ.).
  18. Huber G. Indizien fur die Somatosehypothese bei den Schizophrenien. Fortschr Neurolog Psychiat. 1976;44:3:77-94. 
  19. Kolb L. Modern Clinical Psychiatry. Philadelphia—London—Toronto: Saunders; 1973.
  20. Donlon PT, Blacker KH. Stages of schizophrenic decompensationand reintegration. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1973;157:3:200-209. 
  21. Heilbrun B, Blum N, Goldreyer N. Defensive projection: An investigation of its role in paranoid conditions. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1985;173:1:17-25. 
  22. Nuller YL. Paradigm shift in psychiatry. Obozrenie Psychiatrii i Medicinskoy Psychologii im. V.M. Bechtereva. 1992;1:13-19. (In Russ.).
  23. Nuller YuL, Pegashova AE, Kozlovsky VL. Anticipation in families of mentally ill. Socialnya i Clinicheskaya Psychiatria. 1998;8(2):5-20. (In Russ.).
  24. Kotsyubinsky AP, Skorik AI, Aksenova IO, et al. Schizophrenia: Vulnerability-Diathesis-Stress-Disease. SPb.: Hyppokrat; 2004. (In Russ.).
  25. Cherednikova TV. Experimental studies of thinking disorders in schizophrenia. Review of foreign literature of the late XX — early XXI century (part 2). Sibirskiy Vestnik Psychiatrii i Narcologii. 2011;1(64):77-83. (In Russ.).
  26. Andreasen NC. The Creating Brain. The Neuroscience of Genius. NY: Dana Press; 2005.
  27. Kleiger JH. Disordered Thinking and the Rorschach: theory, research, and differential diagnosis. London: The Analytic Press; 1999.
  28. Green MF. Schizophrenia Revealed. From Neurons to Social Interactions. NY—London: P. W. W. Norton & Company; 2003.
  29. Kirschner M, et al. Secondary negative symptoms — A review of mechanisms, assessment and treatment. Schizophr Res. 2017;186:29-38.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.003
  30. Molokhov AN. On systematization of forms and types of schizophrenia. Kishinev: Kartia Moldovanskae; 1967;2:5-34. (In Russ.).
  31. Volovik VM. New in the theory and practice of rehabilitation of mentally ill. UL. 1985;26-32. (In Russ.).
  32. Smulevich AB, Vorobyev VYu. Psychopathology of schizophrenic defect (towards the construction of an integrative model of negative changes). Zhurnal nevropat i psych. 1988;88(9):100-105. (In Russ.).
  33. Bessarab SP. Social and labor adaptation of schizophrenia patients with different clinical structure of negative disorders in remissions: Dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Tomsk. 1991. (In Russ.).
  34. Logvinovich GV, Krasik ED, Vasilyeva OV, Rakhmazova LD, Nevidimova TI, Semke AV, Morgan VG. Clinical-epidemiological and rehabilitation aspects of the study of adaptation of patients with schizophrenia in the region of Siberia and the Far East. Zhurnal Socialnaya i Clinicheskaya Psychiatria. 1992;1:107-112. (In Russ.).
  35. Gurovich IYa, Kiryanova EM, Shmukler AB. Towards the introduction of quality standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with mental and behavioral disorders. Zhurnal Socialnaya i Clinicheskaya Psychiatria. 1999;1:85-88. (In Russ.).
  36. Petrova NN, Voinkova EE, Dorofeikova MV. Sexual characteristics of the first episode of schizophrenia. Psychicheskoe Zdorovie. 2018;5:43-50. (In Russ.).
  37. Petrova NN. On the question of the heterogeneity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Socialnaya i Clinicheskaya Psychiatria. 2020;30(1):81-87. (In Russ.).
  38. Carpenter WT, Heinrichs DW, Wagman AMI. Defi cit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: The concept. Am J Psychiatry. 1988;145:578-583. 
  39. Crow TJ. Positive and Negative Schizophrenic Symptoms and the Role of Dopamine. Br J Psychiatr. 1980;151:199-204.  https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.139.3.251
  40. Andreasen N, Olsen S. Negative vs positive schizophrenia. Definition andvalidation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:789-794. 
  41. Blanchard JJ, Cohen AS. The structure of negative symptoms within schizophrenia: implications for assessment. Schizophr Bull. 2006;32:238-245.  https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbj013
  42. Liemburg E, Castelein S, Stewart R, van der Gaag M, Aleman A, Knegtering H, Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators. Two subdomains of negative symptoms in psychotic disorders: established and confirmed in two large cohorts. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47:718-725.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.024
  43. Strauss GP, Waltz JA, Gold JM. A Review of Reward Processing and Motivational Impairment in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2014;40:107-116.  https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbt197
  44. Essentials of psychopharmacology. Theory and practice. Steven Stahl M. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2019. (In Russ.).
  45. Carpenter WT Jr, Heinrichs DW, Alphs LD. Treatment of negative symptoms. Schizophr Bull. 1985;11:440-452. 
  46. Kelley ME, van Kammen DP, Allen DN. Empirical validation of primary negative symptoms: independence from effects of medication and psychosis. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:406-411. 
  47. Strauss GP, Horan WP, Kirkpatrick B, et al. Deconstructing negative symptoms of schizophrenia: avolition-apathy and diminished expression clusters predict clinical presentation and functional outcome. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47:6:783-790. 
  48. Mucci A. Is avolition in schizophrenia associated with a defi cit of dorsal caudate activity? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study during reward anticipation and feedback. Psychol Med. 2015;45:1765-1778.
  49. Skugarevsky OA. The concept of negative symptoms of mental disorders: time for revision. Psychiatriya, Psychotherapia i Clinicheskaya Psychologiya. 2020;11(2):319-330. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34883/PI.2020.11.2.009
  50. Mosolov SN, Yaltonskaya PA. Development of the concept, classification and clinical differentiation of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Sovremennaya Therapia Psychicheskich Rasstroystv. 2020;1:2-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21265/PSYPH.2020.15.30.001
  51. Lako IM, Bruggeman R, Knegtering H, et al. A systematic review of instruments to measure depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. J Affect Disord. 2012;140:38-47.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.014
  52. Petrova NN, Dorofeykov VV, Voinkova EE. Dynamics of biochemical parameters in patients with the first psychotic episode. Sovremennaya Therapia Psychicheskich Rasstroystv. 2017;3:2-6. (In Russ.).
  53. Fervaha G, Takeuchi H, Lee J, et al Antipsychotics and Amotivation. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2015;40:1539-1548. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.3
  54. Chatterjee A, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of extrapyramidal signs and spontaneous dyskinesisin never medicated schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1724-1729.
  55. Barton R. Institutional Neurosis. John Wright and Sons, Bristol, England. 1959.
  56. Wing J, Brown G. Institutionalism and schizophrenia: A comparative study of three mental hospitals: 1960—1968. Cambridge U. Press, Oxford, England. 1970.
  57. Armijo J, Méndez E, Morales R, et al. Efficacy of community treatments for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a literature review. Front Psychiatry. 2013;4:116.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00116
  58. Mueser KT, Deavers F, Penn DL, et al. Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:465-497.  https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185620
  59. Buckley PF, Miller BJ, Lehrer DS, et al. Psychiatric comorbidities and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2009;35:383-402.  https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn135
  60. Rovai L, Maremmani AGI, Pacini M, et al. Negative dimension in psychiatry. Amotivational syndrome as a paradigm of negative symptoms in substance abuse. Riv Psichiatr. 2013;48:1-9. 
  61. Garfield JB, Lubman DI, Yücel M. Anhedonia in substance use disorders: A systematic review of its nature, course and clinical correlates. Aust NZ J Psychiatry. 2014;48:36-51. 
  62. Large M, Mullin K, Gupta P, et al. Systematic meta-analysis of outcomes associated with psychosis and co-morbid substance use. Aust NZJ Psychiatry. 2014;48:418-432.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414525838
  63. Zinchuk MS. Negative disorders and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia: Dis. ... kand.med. nauk. Tomsk. 2013. (In Russ.).
  64. Melekhov DE. On the problem of residual and defective conditions in schizophrenia (in connection with the tasks of clinical and socio-labor prognosis). Zhurnal Nevropat i Psychiat im. S.S. Korsakova. 1981;1:128-138. (In Russ.).
  65. Melekhov DE. Clinical prerequisites for social rehabilitation of mentally ill. Soc i Klin Psychiatr. 1992;1:50-55. (In Russ.).
  66. Kirkpatrick B, Fenton WS, Carpenter WT Jr, et al. The NIMH-MATRICS consensus statement on negative symptoms. Schizophr Bull. 2006;32:214. 
  67. Barkhatova AN. The problem of defining the concept of «defect-symptoms» in schizophrenia. Psychiatriya. 2014;2:72-83. (In Russ.).
  68. Smulevich AB. Schizophrenia or a group of endogenous diseases? History and modernity. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psychiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2015;8:4-12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2015115814-12
  69. Smulevich AB, Romanov DV, Voronova EI, et al. Evolution of the doctrine of schizophrenic defect. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psychiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2017;9:4-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2017117914-14
  70. Smulevich AB, Klyushnik TP, Lobanova VM, Voronova EI. Negative and positive disorders in schizophrenia (aspects of codependency, psychopathology, pathogenesis). Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psychiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2020;120(6):2:13-22. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202012006213
  71. Erhardt S, Schwieler L, Imbeault S, et al. The kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2017;112(B):297-306.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.020
  72. Pedraz-Petrozzi B, Elyamany O, Rummel C, et al. Effects of inflammation on the kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia — a systematic review. J Neuroinflammation. 2020;17(1):56.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-020-1721-z
  73. Hong H, Kim BS, Heh-In Im. Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders. Int Neurourol J. 2016;20(suppl 1):2-7.  https://doi.org/10.5213/inj.1632604.302
  74. Réus GZ, Fries GR, Stertz L, et al. The role of inflammation and microglial activation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Neuroscience. 2015;300:141-154.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.018
  75. Mitra S. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Ind Psychiatry J. 2016;25:135-144. 
  76. Kirkpatrick B, Buchanan RW, McKinney PD, et al. The Schedule for the Defi cit Syndrome: An instrument for research in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 1989;30:119-123. 
  77. Gerbaldo H, Helisch A, Schneider B, et al. Subtypes of negative symptoms: The primary subtype in schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients. Progress Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol l Psychiatry. 1994;18:2:311-320. 
  78. Buchanan RW. Persistent negative symptoms in schizophrenia: an overview. Schizophr Bull. 2007;33:1013-1022.
  79. Marder SR, Galderisi S. The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. World Psychiatry. 2017;16:14-24. 
  80. Pavlichenko AV, Kulygina MA, Kostyuk GP. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5: development of concepts and current state. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psychiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2020;120(6):5-12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20201200625
  81. ICD-11. Chapter 06. Mental and behavioral disorders and disorders of neuropsychic development. Statistical classification. M.: KDU, Universitetskaya kniga. 2021. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31453/kdu.ru.91304.0143

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.