Molecular and cellular mechanisms of restorative effects of sleep

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The review article enlightens contemporary concept about a role of sleep in cellular energy metabolism, neuroplasticity and glymphatic clearance of waste products. Many researches have demonstrated that prolonged wakefulness is an energetic and a neurophysiologic issue for the brain. The article provides description of biochemical processes that are responsive for energy restoration in sleep, particularly the role of ATP, adenosine and glycogen. Energy metabolism substrates depletion leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response. At the same time the conductance of synapses increases that worsens energetic problems. Level of the glymphatic clearance during wakefulness is substantially lower in comparison with sleep, and waste products are not removed fast enough.

Keywords:

sleep

adenosine

glycogen

unfolded protein response

synaptic homeostasis theory

neuroplasticity

glymphatic system

Authors:

Poluektov M.G.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

ORCID: 0000-0001-6215-0918

Spektor E.D.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

ORCID: 0000-0003-0714-9476

Received:

28.03.2023

Accepted:

28.03.2023

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