In this article the main issues of screening the risk of venous thromboembolic complications in pregnant women and differentiated approaches to thromboprophylaxis taking into account the current regulatory documents are considered, the results of our own observations are presented with clinical observations from real practice as examples. The necessity of more attentive attitude of obstetrician-gynecologists to the identification of risk factors for venous thromboembolic complications in pregnant women at her first outpatient appointment, mandatory screening of risk factors for thrombogenic complications during pregnancy (four times) and within 6 weeks postpartum was emphasized. If the risk of venous thromboembolic complications is identified, timely and full prescription of thromboprophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparins approved by the clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation is indicated. The material has been prepared to help the practicing obstetrician-gynecologist to improve the understanding of this difficult but very important problem.