The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 101-59-87
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Belyh N.A.

Ryazan State Medical University

Solovyova O.A.

Ryazan State Medical University

Anikeeva N.A.

Ryazan State Medical University

Post-COVID syndrome in children: features of pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy

Authors:

Belyh N.A., Solovyova O.A., Anikeeva N.A.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2024;27(7): 94‑100

DOI: 10.17116/profmed20242707194

Views: 226

Downloaded: 1

Buy for 200₽
Contact the author
Table of contents

To cite this article:

Belyh NA, Solovyova OA, Anikeeva NA. Post-COVID syndrome in children: features of pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2024;27(7):94‑100. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20242707194

Подписка 2025 (Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine)
 
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
A fatal case in a patient with Ehlers—Danlo syndrome after re-infection with COVID-19. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(1):72-75
Comparison of the «Six-minute walk» and «Sit-to-stand» tests effi­cacy in patients unde­rwent COVID-19. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(1):76-83
Analytical review of respiratory infe­ctions role in patients with chro­nic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Part 1. Characteristics of respiratory infe­ctions and their long-term consequences. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(1):90-96
Obesity-associated asthma phenotype in children. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(1):106-114
Late diagnosis of rhinocerebral muco­rmycosis in patients with COVID-19 (case studies). Russian Annals of Ophthalmology. 2023;(6):110-121
Thoracoscopic tracheal rese­ction in a child under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Piro­gov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(1):86-90
Atte­ntion defi­cit hype­ractivity diso­rder in children and adolescents: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(1):60-65
The high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy in the medi­cal reha­bilitation of children. (Literature review). Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2023;(6):99-102
Lung pathology in children with a long-term novel coro­navirus infe­ction COVID-19. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2024;(1):36-43
Simu­ltaneous hernioplasty (PIRS) in pediatric lapa­roscopic appe­ndectomy. Endo­scopic Surgery. 2024;(1):55-59

Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) is identified in the literature as a long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection history in adults. Children may also have PCS manifestations from different organs and systems, including the deterioration of academic performance. The article presents modern data on the main pathogenetic mechanisms and features of manifestations of the post-COVID syndrome in children. Considering the mild course of the disease in most children with PCS, it is proposed to use non-invasive and safe diagnostic tests for diagnosis, involve interdisciplinary specialists, including clinical psychologists, for early correction of disorders. The currently available data emphasize the need for additional research to identify the main risk factors for PCS formation, to substantiate the therapy complex and to assess the long-term impact of PCS on children’s health and quality of life.

Keywords:

COVID-19
post-COVID syndrome
mental well-being
gastrointestinal tract
pulmonary function
children

Authors:

Belyh N.A.

Ryazan State Medical University

Solovyova O.A.

Ryazan State Medical University

Anikeeva N.A.

Ryazan State Medical University

Received:

25.12.2023

Accepted:

15.02.2024

List of references:

  1. Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, et al. Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Nature Medicine. 2021;27(4):601-615.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z
  2. Sansone F, Pellegrino GM, Caronni A, et al. Long COVID in Children: A Multidisciplinary Review. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2023;13(12): 1990. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13121990
  3. Shah W, Hillman T, Playford ED, Hishmeh L. Managing the long term effects of covid-19: summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. BMJ. 2021;372:n136. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n136
  4. Desai AD, Lavelle M, Boursiquot BC, Wan EY. Long-term complications of COVID-19. American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 2022;322(1): C1-C11.  https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00375.2021
  5. Pellegrino R, Chiappini E, Licari A, et al. Prevalence and clinical presentation of long COVID in children: a systematic review. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2022:181(12):3995-4009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04600-x
  6. Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Ayuzo Del Valle NC, et al. Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Scientific Reports. 2022;12(1):9950. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13495-5
  7. Huang Q, Wu X, Zheng X, et al. Targeting Inflammation and Cytokine Storm in COVID-19. Pharmacological Research. 2020;159:105051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105051
  8. Weinstock LB, Brook JB, Walters AS, et al. Mast Cell Activation Symptoms Are Prevalent in Long-COVID. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;112:217-226.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.043
  9. Yonts AB. Pediatric Long-COVID: A Review of the Definition, Epidemiology, Presentation, and Pathophysiology. Pediatric Annals. 2022;51(11): e416-e420. https://doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20220913-06
  10. Sante GD, De Rose DBC, Valentini P, et al. Immune Profile of Children with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Long COVID). MedRxiv. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.07.21256539
  11. Fainardi V, Meoli A, Chiopris G, et al. Long COVID in Children and Adolescents. Life (Basel, Switzerland). 2022;12(2):285.  https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020285
  12. Torres-Castro R, Vasconcello-Castillo L, Alsina-Restoy X, et al. Respiratory Function in Patients Post-Infection by COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pulmonology. 2021;27(4):328-337.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.10.013
  13. Leftin Dobkin SC, Collaco JM, McGrath-Morrow SA. Protracted Respiratory Findings in Children Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2021;56(12):3682-3687. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.25671
  14. Doležalová K, Tuková J, Pohunek P. The Respiratory Consequences of COVID-19 Lasted for a Median of 4 Months in a Cohort of Children Aged 2-18 Years of Age. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992). 2022;111(6):1201-1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.16297
  15. Esmaeilzadeh H, Sanaei Dashti A, Mortazavi N, et al. Persistent Cough and Asthma-like Symptoms Post COVID-19 Hospitalization in Children. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2022;22(1):244.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07252-2
  16. La Regina DP, Pepino D, Nenna R, et al. Pediatric COVID-19 Follow-Up with Lung Ultrasound: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland). 2022;12(9):2202. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092202
  17. Ng BH, Nuratiqah NA, Andrea YLB, et al. Lung Computed Tomography Patterns of a Cluster of Asymptomatic Young Males with COVID-19 Admitted to a Teaching Hospital in Kuala Lumpur. The Medical Journal of Malaysia. 2020;75(4):368-371. 
  18. Denina M, Pruccoli G, Scolfaro C, et al. Sequelae of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Children: A 4-Months Follow-Up. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2020;39:E458-E459. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002937
  19. Miller F, Nguyen V, Navaratnam AMD, et al. Prevalence of Persistent Symptoms in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Household Cohort Study in England and Wales. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2021;41(12):979-984.  https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003715
  20. Roge I, Smane L, Kivite-Urtane A, et al. Comparison of Persistent Symptoms after COVID-19 and other Non-SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Children. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2021;9:752385. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.752385
  21. Götzinger F, Santiago-García B, Noguera-Julián A, et al. COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents in Europe: A Multinational, Multicentre Cohort Study. The Lancet. Child and Adolescent Health. 2020;4(9):653-661.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30177-2
  22. Cooper S, Tobar A, Konen O, et al. Long COVID-19 Liver Manifestation in Children. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2022;75(3): 244-251.  https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000003521
  23. Mohamed DZ, Ghoneim ME-S, Abu-Risha SE-S, et al. Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Diseases during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Manifestations, Mechanism and Management. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021; 27(28):4504-4535. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4504
  24. Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: Major Findings, Mechanisms and Recommendations. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 2023;21(3):133-146.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2
  25. Natarajan A, Zlitni S, Brooks EF, et al. Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fecal Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Suggest Prolonged Gastrointestinal Infection. Medicine. 2022;3(6):371-387.e9.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2022.04.001
  26. Barizien N, le Guen M, Russel S, et al. Clinical Characterization of Dysautonomia in Long COVID-19 Patients. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):14042. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93546-5
  27. Boris JR, Moak JP. Pediatric Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Where We Stand. Pediatrics. 2022;150:e2021054945. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-054945
  28. Bocci T, Bertini A, Campiglio L, et al. Not Myopathic, but Autonomic Changes in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome: A Case Series. Neurological Sciences. 2023;44:1147-1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-023-06637-8
  29. Morello R, Martino L, Buonsenso D. Diagnosis and Management of Post-COVID (Long COVID) in Children: A Moving Target. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2023;35(2):184-192.  https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000001221
  30. Mizrahi B, Sudry T, Flaks-Manov N, et al. Long COVID Outcomes at One Year after Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Nationwide Cohort Study. BMJ. 2023;380:e072529. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072529
  31. Hicks SD. Comparison of Symptom Duration between Children with SARS-CoV-2 and Peers with Other Viral Illnesses during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical Pediatrics. 2023:00099228231152840. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231152840
  32. Troitskaya LA, Plotnikova IA, Avakyan GG, et al. Neuropsychological Evaluation of Cognitive Disorders in Children after COVID-19. European Journal of Translational Myology. 2022;32:10685. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10685
  33. Yang Q, Hughes TA, Kelkar A. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Entry upon Blocking N- and O-Glycan Elaboration. eLife. 2020;9:e61552. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.61552
  34. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2020;11(7):995-998.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122
  35. Emmi A, Rizzo S, Barzon L, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Proteins and Genomic Sequences in Human Brainstem Nuclei. NPJ Parkinson’s Disease. 2023;9(1):25.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41531-023-00467-3
  36. Bateman L, Bested AC, Bonilla HF, et al. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Essentials of Diagnosis and Management. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2021;96(11):2861-2878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.07.004
  37. Friedman KJ, Murovska M, Pheby DFH, Zalewski P. Our Evolving Understanding of ME/CFS. Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania). 2021;57(3):200.  https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030200
  38. Rowe K. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) in Adolescents: Practical Guidance and Management Challenges. Adolescent Health, Medicine And Therapeutics. 2023;14:13-26.  https://doi.org/10.2147/AHMT.S317314
  39. Panda PK, Gupta J, Chowdhury SR, et al. Psychological and Behavioral Impact of Lockdown and Quarantine Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents and Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2021;67:fmaa122. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa122
  40. Laura V-S, Javier F, Miguel AV. Psychological Wellbeing of Vulnerable Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psicothema. 2020;32:501-507.  https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2020.218
  41. Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, et al. Respiratory Rehabilitation in Elderly Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Study. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2020;39:101166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101166
  42. Zaharova IN, Osmanov IM, Tvorogova TM, et al. Post-Covid syndrome in children in the structure of COVID-19. Pediatrija. Consilium Medicum. 2022; 1:8-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2022.1.201515

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register


We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.