PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
To assess the state of somatic health of men and women with diseases of the teeth and periodontal tissues, who applied for the therapeutic treatment of teeth and the installation of dental implants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The open study included 100 patients (42 of them men and 58 women) aged 20 to 75 years old who applied to the dentistry department of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia from November 2020 to April 2021. Depending on the type of dental The patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group consisted of patients (n=50, including 19 men and 31 women) with periodontal tissue diseases and carious lesions of the teeth; Group 2 — of patients (n=50, of which 23 men and 27 women) with partial secondary adentia, who applied for the installation of dental implants. All patients were questioned to assess socio-demographic data, behavioral risk factors for the development of diseases and the presence of somatic diseases.
RESULTS
The age of the patients of the 2nd group turned out to be statistically significantly higher than the age of the patients of the 1st group (p=0.002). According to the survey results, 18% of patients in group 1 stated that they currently smoke. The number of smokers in men was 2 times higher than in women (26% and 13%, respectively, p=0.27). In the group with the installation of dental implants, 14% were smokers, while the gap between the proportions of men and women was small (17% versus 11%, p=0.69). In patients of the 2nd group, the most frequently detected disease was arterial hypertension (32%), among men — 30% and among women — 33% of cases. A systematic increase in blood pressure was reported by 22% of patients (16% of men and 26% of women) in the group with diseases of the periodontal tissues and teeth. In addition, 32% of patients in this group indicated the presence of osteochondrosis and other diseases of the spine, and among women these diseases were revealed 4 times more than among men (45 and 11%, p=0.013). In patients who applied for the installation of dental implants, diseases of the spine were detected in 28% of cases. Every second woman declared the presence of osteochondrosis, which is 10 times more than in men, p=0.001. The presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract was declared by 22% of patients of the 1st group (21% of men and 23% of women), in the 2nd group this indicator was 14% (17% of men and 11% of women). In the analyzed groups, dysbiosis was detected in less than 10% of patients. Diseases of the ear, nose and throat were found in 14% of patients in group 1 (11% of men and 16% of women, p=0.70) and in every fourth woman in group 2, men in this group did not report the presence of these diseases, gender the differences are statistically significant (p=0.011).
CONCLUSION
The results of the study showed that from 14 to 18% of patients seeking both therapeutic and surgical dental interventions are prone to smoking. Every third patient has a somatic pathology, including arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system and visual organs, and in some cases gender differences are revealed. These features must be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of periodontal and dental diseases.
