Objective. To develop a non-invasive method for a fast diagnosis of endometriosis, based on the analysis of the molecular composition of the endometrial tissue either by mass spectrometry and by immunohistochemistry. Material and methods. Specimens were obtained from 20 patients with confirmed histological diagnosis of endometriosis after laparoscopy. We analyzed lesions from peritoneal endometriosis, capsules of endometrioid ovarian cysts with adjacent intact tissues and eutopic endometrium. Tissue samples were divided into two samplings: the largest part was utilized for morphological studies for the rest part the mass-spectrometric analysis was performed. The immunohistochemical analysis was performed on paraffin sections by standard protocol using mouse monoclonal antibodies against neurofilament and Ki-67. Mass-spectrometric analysis was performed by electro-spray ionization. Results. NF and Ki-67 coefficient of correlation was compared to the lipid peaks levels and the spectra of the following lipids were found to be significantly correlated: PC 38:6, PC 40:6, TG 49:4, DG 44:9, PE O-20:0, SM 34:1. The expression of these lipids was increased proportionately to the presence of peritoneal foci and capsules of endometrioid cysts while they showed no significant correlation in the eutopic endometrium. Moreover, the content of neurofilaments and Ki-67 in endometriotic tissue was directly related to the peaks of the measured lipids. Conclusion. The evaluation of the lipids of interest as serologic biomarkers in future studies may enhance the non-surgical diagnosis of endometriosis in patient at risk, may allow to evaluate some predictors of disease recurrence, and may increase the safety and efficacy of the surgical approach reducing the need of diagnostic laparoscopy in many cases.