Risk factors of pulmonary cavitation in COVID-19 pneumonia

Berikkhanov Z.G.; Avdeev S.N.; Neklyudova G.V.; Tarabrin E.A.; Eminova K.R.; Khlistunova N.N.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202405136

Berikkhanov Z.G.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-4335-3987

Avdeev S.N.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

SPIN RSCI: 1645-5524
Scopus AuthorID: 7003292838
ORCID: 0000-0002-5999-2150

Neklyudova G.V.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-9509-0867

Tarabrin E.A.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-1847-711X

Eminova K.R.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0009-0003-3244-5768

Khlistunova N.N.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0009-0002-0050-1318

Risk factors of pulmonary cavitation in COVID-19 pneumonia

Authors:

Berikkhanov Z.G., Avdeev S.N., Neklyudova G.V., Tarabrin E.A., Eminova K.R., Khlistunova N.N.

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Journal: Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(5): 36‑42

DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202405136

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To cite this article:

Berikkhanov ZG, Avdeev SN, Neklyudova GV, Tarabrin EA, Eminova KR, Khlistunova NN. Risk factors of pulmonary cavitation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(5):36‑42. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202405136

Подписка 2026 Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова (Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery)

Использование инфографики авторами научных работ

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OBJECTIVE

To identify the risk factors of pulmonary cavitation in COVID-19 pneumonia.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A retrospective study included 8261 patients with COVID-19 between April 2020 and March 2022. Inclusion criteria: age >18 years, COVID-19 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Two cohorts of patients were formed: 40 patients with pulmonary cavitation and 40 patients without these lesions. Both groups were comparable in age, lung lesion volume and oxygenation. Sex, age, length of hospital-stay, CT grade of lung lesion, comorbidities, treatment, respiratory support, oxygen saturation and in-hospital outcomes were evaluated. The highest lung lesion volume during hospitalization was assessed. CT was performed upon admission and approximately every 5 days for evaluation of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corporation, USA).

RESULTS

Patients with pulmonary cavitation significantly differed in age, SpO₂, lung lesion volume, more common non-invasive ventilation and prolonged hospital-stay. Cardiovascular diseases were more common in both groups. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed age, cardiovascular diseases, CT-based severity of lung damage, absence of biological therapy and non-invasive ventilation as risk factors of pulmonary cavitation. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, these predictors were CT-based severity of lung damage and absence of biological therapy. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that pulmonary cavitation had no significant effect on mortality (OR=2.613, 95% CI: 0.732—9.322, p=0.139).

CONCLUSION

The risk of pulmonary cavitation in COVID-19 is directly related to advanced lung damage and untimely or absent biological therapy with IL-6 inhibitors. Pulmonary cavitation in COVID-19 is not a typical manifestation of disease and can be caused by some factors: fungal infection, secondary bacterial infection, tuberculosis and pulmonary infarction. Further study of this problem is required to develop diagnostic algorithms and treatment tactics.

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2

coronavirus infection

pneumonia

pulmonary cavitation

lung cavities

pneumatocele

pulmonary cysts

Authors:

Berikkhanov Z.G.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-4335-3987

Avdeev S.N.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

SPIN RSCI: 1645-5524
Scopus AuthorID: 7003292838
ORCID: 0000-0002-5999-2150

Neklyudova G.V.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-9509-0867

Tarabrin E.A.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-1847-711X

Eminova K.R.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0009-0003-3244-5768

Khlistunova N.N.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

ORCID: 0009-0002-0050-1318

Received:

24.08.2023

Accepted:

12.01.2024

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