Therapeutic anesthesia: past, present and future

Close metadata

Recommended articles:

Combined therapy with dexmedetomidine and quetiapine in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by delirium. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2024;(1):41-45

The high-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy in the medical rehabilitation of children. (Literature review). Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2023;(6):99-102

Lung pathology in children with a long-term novel coronavirus infection COVID-19. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2024;(1):36-43

Simultaneous hernioplasty (PIRS) in pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopic Surgery. 2024;(1):55-59

Robot-assisted extravesical ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux. Endoscopic Surgery. 2024;(1):60-66

The quality of dental care in children with permanent teeth trauma according to analysis of medical records in an emergency unit of a municipal dental clinic. Stomatology. 2024;(1):41-47

Application of narrow-band optical radiation with a wavelength of 650 nm in complex treatment of children with developmental speech delay. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2024;(1):5-12

The use of transcranial micropolarization in the acute period of severe traumatic brain injury in children. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2024;(1):13-21

Historical aspects of the formation and development of children’s health resort medicine in the Samara region. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2024;(1):62-69

Comparative analysis of subjective and objective methods of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome diagnosis in children. Russian Rhinology. 2024;(1):11-15

The article focuses on historical aspects and perspectives of therapeutic anesthesia in critically ill patients. The authors analyze the main milestones in development of this therapeutic concept, anti-stress effects and mechanisms of sanogenesis following therapeutic anesthesia. Positive therapeutic effects of α₂-adrenoagonists and sevoflurane and their combination for prevention of abnormal patterns of CNS functioning are described in detail. Finally, the authors conclude that therapeutic anesthesia is a pharmacological protection when sedation, analgesia, relief of seizures, reduction of intracranial hypertension and sympathetic activity are provided simultaneously through the action of anesthetics.

Keywords:

therapeutic anesthesia

neuroprotection

inhalation sedation

sevoflurane

dexmedetomidine

children

cardiac protection

Authors:

Tsentsiper L.M.

Neurosurgery Research Institute (RNSRI) named after Prof. A.L. Polenov — Branch of the Almazov National Medical Research Center

Pshenisnov K.V.

Children’s Scientific Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases

ORCID: 0000-0003-1113-5296

Aleksandrovich Yu.S.

Children’s Scientific Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases

ORCID: 0000-0002-2131-4813

Nezabudkin S.N.

Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Nechaeva E.A.

Almazov National Medical Research Center

Kondratiev A.N.

Polenov Neurosurgical Institute

SPIN RSCI: 8235-9765
ORCID: 0000-0002-7648-2208

Received:

01.05.2022

Accepted:

16.08.2022

List of references:

Aleksandrovich YuS, Pshenisnov KV, Gordeev VI. Anesteziya v pediatrii. Posobie dlya vrachej. SPb: ELBI-SPb; 2013. (In Russ.).
Petrovsky BV, Efuni SN. Lechebnyj narkoz. M.: Meditsina; 1967. (In Russ.).
Moroz VV, Vasilyev VYu, Kuzovlev AN. Historical Aspects of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. Noninhalational Intravascular Anesthesia. Obshchaya reanimatologiya. 2007;3(2):69-74. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2007-2-69-74
Sychev DA, Gerasimova KV. History of anesthesia. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika. 2014;(2):79-80. (In Russ.).
Nikitina EV, Samsonova IM, Kizimenko AN. A history of the first anesthesia. Novosti khirurgii. 2017;25(1):5-13. (In Russ.).
Chekodanova T.A. Istoriya vozniknoveniya obezbolivaniya. Mezhdunarodnyj studencheskij nauchnyj vestnik. 2018;2:23. (In Russ.).
Gorelova LE. From the history of the development of anesthesiology. Rossijskij meditsinskij zhurnal. 2001;(20):894. (In Russ.). https://revolution.allbest.ru/medicine/00417153_0.html
Scharpf Ch, Lazara KJ. Fish Name Etymology Database. American Currents. 2014;39(4):17-20.
Bogoyavlensky NA. Drevnerusskoe vrachevanie v XI—XVII vekah: istochniki dlya izucheniya istorii russkoj meditsiny. M.: Medgiz; 1960. (In Russ.).
Manyshev SB, Manysheva KB. To the 170th anniversary of wide application of anesthesia in Russia. Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologiya. 2019;(1):79-83. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/anaesthesiology201901179
Zilber AP. Etyudy kriticheskoj meditsiny. M.: MEDpress-inform; 2006. (In Russ.).
Maslov OK. Forgotten names in anesthesiology. Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologiya. 2007;(2):5-7. (In Russ.).
Gray TC, Rees GJ. The role of apnoea in general anesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1952;2:891-892.
Woodbridge PD. Changing concepts concerning depth of anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1957;18:536-550.
Nejroonkologiya glazami anesteziologa-reanimatologa. Kondratiev AN, Ulitin AYu, eds. Barnaul: IP Kolmogorov I.A.; 2020. (In Russ.).
Churilov LP. Henri Labori and the metabolic logistics of stress. Zdorov’e — osnova chelovecheskogo potentsiala: problemy i puti ikh resheniya. 2014;9(1): 161-169. (In Russ.).
Labori A. Regulyatsiya obmennykh protsessov. M.: Meditsina; 1970. (In Russ.).
Borshchagovsky ML. Primenenie nejroplegikov (aminazina i pipol’fena) v ostrom periode povrezhdeniya cherepa i golovnogo mozga: Diss. ... kand. med nauk. L. 1971. (In Russ.).
Kondratiev AN. Sochetannoe vozdejstvie na opioidnuyu i adrenergicheskuyu antinotsitseptivnye sistemy v anesteziologicheskom obespechenii nejroonkologicheskikh operatsij: Diss. ... d-ra med. nauk. SPb; 1992. (In Russ.).
Kondratiev AN, Tsentsiper LM, Kondratieva EA, Dikareva EA, Borovikova VN. Arousal of the patient with post»operational neurological disruptions as a result of the injection of fentanyl and clonidin. Efferentnaya terapiya. 2011;17(2):95-99. (In Russ.).
Kondratiev AN, Tsentsiper LM, Kondratieva EA, Nazarov RV. Neurovegetative stabilization as pathogenetic therapy of brain damage. Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologija. 2014;1:82-84. (In Russ.).
Tsentsiper LM. Nejrogumoral’nye narusheniya v ostrom periode tyazhelogo povrezhdeniya golovnogo mozga: Diss. ... d-ra med. nauk. SPb; 2021. (In Russ.).
Karakaya D, Cakir-Aktas C, Uzun S, Soylemezoglu F, Mut M. Tailored Therapeutic Doses of Dexmedetomidine in Evolving Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocritical Care. 2022;36(3):802-814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-021-01381-3
Feng X, Ma W, Zhu J, Jiao W, Wang Y. Dexmedetomidine alleviates early brain injury following traumatic brain injury by inhibiting autophagy and neuroinflammation through the ROS/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2021;24(3):661. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12300
Wang Z, Wang Z, Wang A, Li J, Wang J, Yuan J, Wei X, Xing F, Zhang W, Xing N. The neuroprotective mechanism of sevoflurane in rats with traumatic brain injury via FGF2. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2022;19(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-021-02348-z
Kondratiev AN, Nazarov RV, Rumyantseva MV, Tsentsiper LM. Al’fa2-adrenoagonisty v nejroanesteziologii i intensivnoj terapii: posobie dlya vrachej. SPb: Assotsiatsiya anesteziologov-reanimatologov Severo-Zapada; 2020. (In Russ.).
Bilodeau V, Saavedra-Mitjans M, Frenette AJ, Burry L, Albert M, Bernard F, Williamson DR. Safety of dexmedetomidine for the control of agitation in critically ill traumatic brain injury patients: A descriptive study. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2021;46(4):1020-1026. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13389
Soltani F, Tabatabaei S, Jannatmakan F, Nasajian N, Amiri F, Darkhor R, Moravej M. Comparison of the effects of haloperidol and dexmedetomidine on delirium and agitation in patients with a traumatic brain injury admitted to the intensive care unit. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2021;11(3):e113802. https://doi.org/10.5812/aapm.113802
Kozlov IA, Klypa TV, Antonov IO. Dexmedetomidine as a cardioprotector in cardiac surgery (review). Obshchaya reanimatologiya. 2017;13(4):46-63. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2017-4-46-63
Jildenstål P, Widarsson Norbeck D, Snygg J, Ricksten SE, Lannemyr L. Cerebral autoregulation in infants during sevoflurane anesthesia for craniofacial surgery. Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2021;31(5):563-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/pan.14146
Pshenisnov KV, Aleksandrovich YuS, Kozubov MYu. Inhalation sedation in children in intensive care unit. Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologiya. 2021;(3):69-76. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/anaesthesiology202103169
Sakata K, Kito K, Fukuoka N, Nagase K, Tanabe K, Iida H. Cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia during sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia in rats. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. 2019;72(3):260‐264. https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.d.18.00244
Ishibashi T, Toyama S, Miki K, Karakama J, Yoshino Y, Ishibashi S, Tomita M, Nemoto S. Effects of propofol versus sevoflurane on cerebral circulation time in patients undergoing coiling for cerebral artery aneurysm: A prospective randomized crossover study. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 2019;33(6):987‐998. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-018-00251-2
Purrucker JC, Renzland J, Uhlmann L, Bruckner T, Hacke W, Steiner T, Bösel J. Volatile sedation with sevoflurane in intensive care patients with acute stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage using AnaConDa®: An observational study. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2015;114(6):934‐943. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aev070
Beck-Schimmer B, Restin T, Muroi C, Roth Z’Graggen B, Keller E, Schläpfer M. Sevoflurane sedation attenuates early cerebral oedema formation through stabilisation of the adherens junction protein beta catenin in a model of subarachnoid haemorrhage: A randomised animal study. European Journal of Anesthesiology. 2020;37(5):402‐412. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000001161
Bettex DA, Wanner PM, Bosshart M, Balmer C, Knirsch W, Dave H, Dillier C, Bürki C, Hug M, Seifert B, Spahn DR, Beck-Schimmer B. Role of sevoflurane in organ protection during cardiac surgery in children: A randomized controlled trial. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2015;20(2):157‐165. https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivu381
Brozović G, Oršolić N, Rozgaj R, Knežević F, Knežević AH, Maričić M, Krsnik D, Benković V. Sevoflurane and isoflurane genotoxicity in kidney cells of mice. Arhiv za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju. 2017;68(3):228‐235. https://doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2941
Flavia R, Viorel M, Vasile R, Adrian Florin G, Liviu O. Impact of isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia on kidney structure and function in rats. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine. 2014;71:2. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:10388
Duymaz G, Yağar S, Özgök A. Comparison of Effects of Low-Flow Sevoflurane and Low-Flow Desflurane Anaesthesia on Renal Functions Using Cystatin C. Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation. 2017;45(2):93‐97. https://doi.org/10.5152/TJAR.2017.72325
Xing N, Wei X, Chang Y, Du Y, Zhang W. Effects of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on renal function in low birth weight infants. BMC Anesthesiology. 2015;15:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2253-15-6
Miklić Bublić M, Tonković D, Sakan S, Misir A, Bandić Pavlović D. Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics on Acute Kidney Injury. Acta Clinica Croatica. 2016;55(3):464‐468. https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2016.55.03.16
Schläpfer M, Piegeler T, Dull RO, Schwartz DE, Mao M, Bonini MG, Z’Graggen BR, Beck-Schimmer B, Minshall RD. Propofol increases morbidity and mortality in a rat model of sepsis. Critical Care. 2015;19(1):45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-0751-x
Bedirli N, Bagriacik EU, Yilmaz G, Ozkose Z, Kavutçu M, Cavunt Bayraktar A, Bedirli A. Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis. The Journal of International Medical Research. 2018;46(7):2828‐2842. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300060518773265
Meiser A, Groesdonk HV, Bonnekessel S, Volk T, Bomberg H. Inhalation sedation in subjects with ards undergoing continuous lateral rotational therapy. Respiratory Care. 2018;63(4):441‐447. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.05751

Yakhno NN, Shtulman DR. Bolezni nervnoj sistemy. V 2 t. (4-e izdanie). M.: Meditsina; 2005. (In Russ.).

Tugasworo D, Kurnianto A, Retnaningsih, Andhitara Y, Ardhini R, Budiman J. The relationship between myasthenia gravis and COVID-19: A systematic review. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2022;58(1):83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-022-00516-3

Heliopoulos I, Patlakas G, Vadikolias K, et al. Maximal voluntary ventilation in myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve. 2003;27(6):715-719. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.10378

Galassi G, Marchioni A. Myasthenia gravis at the crossroad of COVID-19: focus on immunological and respiratory interplay. Acta Neurol Belg. 2021; 121(3):633-642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-021-01612-6

Roper J, Fleming ME, Long B, Koyfman A. Myasthenia Gravis and Crisis: Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Med. 2017;53(6):843-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.06.009

Dhont S, Derom E, Van Braeckel E, Depuydt P, Lambrecht BN. The pathophysiology of ‘happy’ hypoxemia in COVID-19. Respir Res. 2020;21(1):198. Published 2020 July 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01462-5

Tobin MJ, Laghi F, Jubran A. Why COVID-19 Silent Hypoxemia Is Baffling to Physicians. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(3):356-360. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202006-2157CP

Neumann B, Angstwurm K, Mergenthaler P, et al. Myasthenic crisis demanding mechanical ventilation: A multicenter analysis of 250 cases [published correction appears in Neurology. 2020 Apr 21;94(16):724. Schneider, Haucke [corrected to Schneider, Hauke]]. Neurology. 2020;94(3):299-313. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008688

International MG/COVID-19 Working Group, Jacob S, Muppidi S, et al. Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Sci. 2020;412:116803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.116803

Hoang P, Hurtubise B, Muppidi S. Clinical Reasoning: Therapeutic considerations in myasthenic crisis due to COVID-19 infection. Neurology. 2020;95(18):840-843. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010651

Heiman-Patterson T, Martino C, Rosenberg H, Fletcher J, Tahmoush A. Malignant hyperthermia in myotonia congenita. Neurology. 1988;38(5):810-812. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.38.5.810

Arcas M, Sánchez-Ortega JL, García-Muñoz M, Alonso B, del Yelmo F, López-Rodríguez F. Anestesia para cesárea en un caso de miotonía congénita [Anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a case of myotonia congenita]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 1996;43(4):147-149. (In Spanish).

Bisinotto FM, Fabri DC, Calçado MS, Perfeito PB, Tostes LV, Sousa GD. Anesthesia for videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with Steinert disease. Case report and review of the literature. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2010;60(2):181-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-7094(10)70024-6

Haeseler G, Störmer M, Bufler J, et al. Propofol blocks human skeletal muscle sodium channels in a voltage-dependent manner. Anesth Analg. 2001;92(5):1192-1198. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200105000-00021

Haeseler G, Störmer M, Mohammadi B, et al. The anesthetic propofol modulates gating in paramyotonia congenita mutant muscle sodium channels. Muscle Nerve. 2001;24(6):736-743. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.1064

Weller JF, Elliott RA, Pronovost PJ. Spinal anesthesia for a patient with familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(1):259-260. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200207000-00033

Allison KR. Muscular dystrophy versus mitochondrial myopathy: the dilemma of the undiagnosed hypotonic child. Paediatr Anaesth. 2007;17(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2006.02106.x

Flewellen EH, Bodensteiner JB: Anesthetic experience in a patient with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Anesth Rev. 1980;7:44.

Viscomi CM, Ptacek LJ, Dudley D. Anesthetic management of familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis during parturition. Anesth Analg. 1999;88(5):1081-1082. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199905000-00021

Siler JN, Discavage WJ. Anesthetic management of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Anesthesiology. 1975;43(4):489-490. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-197510000-00018

Löfgren A, Hahn RG. Hypokalemia from intercostal nerve block. Reg Anesth. 1994;19(4):247-254.

Zisfein J, Sivak M, Aron AM, Bender AN. Isaacs’ syndrome with muscle hypertrophy reversed by phenytoin therapy. Arch Neurol. 1983;40(4):241-242. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1983.04050040071012

Van den Berg JS, van Engelen BG, Boerman RH, de Baets MH. Acquired neuromyotonia: superiority of plasma exchange over high-dose intravenous human immunoglobulin. J Neurol. 1999;246(7):623-625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004150050419

Ashizawa T, Butler IJ, Harati Y, Roongta SM. A dominantly inherited syndrome with continuous motor neuron discharges. Ann Neurol. 1983;13(3):285-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410130310

Hosokawa S, Shinoda H, Sakai T, Kato M, Kuroiwa Y. Electrophysiological study on limb myokymia in three women. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50(7):877-881. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.50.7.877

Morgan PJ. Peripartum management of a patient with Isaacs’ syndrome. Can J Anaesth. 1997;44(11):1174-1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03013340

McNicol ED, Tzortzopoulou A, Cepeda MS, Francia MB, Farhat T, Schumann R. Single-dose intravenous paracetamol or propacetamol for prevention or treatment of postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(6):764-775. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aer107

Birnkrant DJ, Panitch HB, Benditt JO, et al. American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the respiratory and related management of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy undergoing anesthesia or sedation. Chest. 2007;132(6):1977-1986. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-0458

Maund E, McDaid C, Rice S, Wright K, Jenkins B, Woolacott N. Paracetamol and selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the reduction in morphine-related side-effects after major surgery: A systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106(3):292-297. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeq406

Fowler SJ, Symons J, Sabato S, Myles PS. Epidural analgesia compared with peripheral nerve blockade after major knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth. 2008;100(2):154-164. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aem373

Walker KJ, McGrattan K, Aas-Eng K, Smith AF. Ultrasound guidance for peripheral nerve blockade. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD006459. Published 2009 Oct 7. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006459.pub2

Niranjan V, Bach JR. Noninvasive management of pediatric neuromuscular ventilatory failure. Crit Care Med. 1998;26(12):2061-2065. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199812000-00042

Ruscic KJ, Grabitz SD, Rudolph MI, Eikermann M. Prevention of respiratory complications of the surgical patient: actionable plan for continued process improvement. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017;30(3):399-408. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000465

Wang CH, Finkel RS, Bertini ES, et al. Consensus statement for standard of care in spinal muscular atrophy. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(8):1027-1049. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073807305788

Almenrader N, Patel D. Spinal fusion surgery in children with non-idiopathic scoliosis: is there a need for routine postoperative ventilation? Br J Anaesth. 2006;97(6):851-857. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/ael273

Marchant WA, Fox R. Postoperative use of a cough-assist device in avoiding prolonged intubation. Br J Anaesth. 2002;89(4):644-647. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aef227

Lebedinskii KM, Triadsky AA, Obolensky SV. Malignant hyperthermia: a pharmacogenetic caused by acute massive rhabdomyolysis. Anesteziologiya i Reanimatologiya. 2008;4:66-70. (In Russ.).

Wang CH, Bonnemann CG, Rutkowski A, et al. Consensus statement on standard of care for congenital muscular dystrophies. J Child Neurol. 2010;25(12):1559-1581. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073810381924

Bach JR, Gonçalves MR, Hamdani I, Winck JC. Extubation of patients with neuromuscular weakness: A new management paradigm. Chest. 2010;137(5): 1033-1039. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-2144

Miranda Rocha AR, Martinez BP, Maldaner da Silva VZ, Forgiarini Junior LA. Early mobilization: Why, what for and how? Med Intensiva. 2017;41(7):429-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2016.10.003

Belkin AA, Alasheev AM, Belkin VA, et al. Rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (RehabICU). Clinical practice recommendations of the national Union of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Specialists of Russia and of the national Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists. Russian Federation of anesthesiologists and reanimatologists guidelines. Annals of Critical Care. 2022;2:7-40. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.21320/1818-474X-2022-2-7-40

Shousha AA, Sanfilippo M, Sabba A, Pinchera P. Sugammadex and reversal of neuromuscular block in adult patient with duchenne muscular dystrophy. Case Rep Anesthesiol. 2014;2014:680568. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/680568

Shimauchi T, Yamaura K, Sugibe S, Hoka S. Usefulness of sugammadex in a patient with Becker muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2014;52(3):146-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aat.2014.02.005

De Boer HD, Van Egmond J, Driessen JJ, Booij LHJD. Sugammadex in patients with myasthenia gravis. Anaesthesia. 2010;65(6):653. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2010.06360.x

Jakubiak J, Gaszyński T, Gaszyński W. Neuromuscular block reversal with sugammadex in a morbidly obese patient with myasthenia gravis. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2012;44(1):28-30.

Sungur Ulke Z, Yavru A, Camci E, Ozkan B, Toker A, Senturk M. Rocuronium and sugammadex in patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing thymectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013;57(6):745-748. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12123

Vymazal T, Krecmerova M, Bicek V, Lischke R. Feasibility of full and rapid neuromuscular blockade recovery with sugammadex in myasthenia gravis patients undergoing surgery — a series of 117 cases. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015;11:1593-1596. Published 2015 Oct 15. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S93009

Sungur Z, Sentürk M. Anaesthesia for thymectomy in adult and juvenile myasthenic patients. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2016;29(1):14-19. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000272

Ortiz-Gómez JR, Palacio-Abizanda FJ, Fornet-Ruiz I. Failure of sugammadex to reverse rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade: A case report. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2014;31(12):708-709. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000082

Close metadata