Chronic pain is a widespread, complex and not fully understood problem of modern medicine, which has a significant impact on the individual and society as a whole. Currently, this condition is considered as a complex symptom complex with its own etiological, pathogenetic and prognostic features, and not just as a concomitant symptom of other diseases. However, despite the prevalence of this medical problem, and hence the relevance of information about it, there is practically no systematic assessment of the prevalence of this pathology in Russia, mainly due to the fact that in the traditional approved statistical accounting and reporting forms used in the healthcare system, there are no selection of the specified state. Thus, this article is devoted to a discussion of the classification features and methods for assessing and statistically recording various forms of pain syndromes in the Russian Federation. World statistics confirms the constant and steady increase in the prevalence of chronic pain, which is reflected both in the growth of individual forms of pain syndromes and in DALY. But in order to develop treatment plans and prevention strategies, chronic pain must be considered in the context of social, biological, psychological and physical factors. To do this, it is necessary to keep a constant record of both new cases of chronic pain syndromes of various localization, and their prevalence in general at the population level, to assess the risk factors for the occurrence of this pathology, as well as the degree of success in pain relief. Nowadays, these issues remain insufficiently developed in the Russian Federation, which is the subject of discussion in this paper.