The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Zorkina Y.A.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology;
Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1

Golubeva E.A.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology

Gurina O.I.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology

Reznik A.M.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology;
Russian University of Biotechnology

Morozova A.Y.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology;
Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1

Genetic variants associated with the development of stress disorders: A systematic review of GWAS

Authors:

Zorkina Y.A., Golubeva E.A., Gurina O.I., Reznik A.M., Morozova A.Y.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;125(3): 12‑26

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202512503112

Views: 574

Downloaded: 2

Buy for 300₽
Contact the author
Table of contents

GENETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF GWAS
GENETIC VARIANTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRESS DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF GWAS

To cite this article:

Zorkina YA, Golubeva EA, Gurina OI, Reznik AM, Morozova AY. Genetic variants associated with the development of stress disorders: A systematic review of GWAS. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;125(3):12‑26. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202512503112

Подписка 2025-2 (S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry)
 
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Posttraumatic stress diso­rder clinical guidelines and treatment standards: focus on the symptoms of the psychophysiological arousal. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(5):58-68
To study the effe­ctiveness and impact on the quality of life of patients with subclinical and clinically pronounced anxiety diso­rder of a mobile application in combination with Adaptol therapy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(7):98-105
A role of transcription factors in pathogenic processes asso­ciated with schi­zophrenia. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2024;(11):49-54
Stress and sleep: Neurobiological aspe­cts and modern options of inso­mnia therapy. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(5-2):14-21
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (russian language version). S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(5):103-107
Level of students’ stress depe­nding on their beha­vioral characteristics. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(9):67-74
The rela­tionship between neighborhood infrastructure and stress levels in students. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(11):70-76
Atopic dermatitis and skin toxic reactions: comparative characteristics, psychosomatic aspe­cts and patient mana­gement tactics. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Vene­reology. 2024;(6):744-752
Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on students’ health. Part II. Features of hemo­dynamics, vege­tative regu­lation, resu­lts of psychological and stress resi­stance testing among students depe­nding on the COVID-19 presence in their medi­cal history. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(4):94-101

Studying the genetic basis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be useful in predicting its risk in a person with a history of severe traumatic stress and in facilitating earlier diagnosis and referral to a specialist. The aim of the study is to review all GWAS studies related to PTSD. In total, 20 studies were included, of which 5 meta-analyses and 9 included war veterans. The functions of genes and their associations were considered, which included single-cell polymorphisms in different groups of genes involved in embryogenesis, neuron formation, and cell functioning, as well as many DNA sequences with non-coding RNA transcribed. The repeatability of the results between studies and replicative samples was studied. Between the studies, the associations were repeated in the CAMKV, CDHR4, DCC, FAM120A, FOXP2 (3 studies), MAD1L1 (3 studies), MAPT, NCAM1, NOS1, SP4, ZMYM4, TCF4 genes. A new large-scale study with many found associations was considered individually. Studies regarding polygenic risk were also studied, and several studies showed genetic comorbidity with anxiety and bipolar disorder. However, the models developed by the authors explain a small percentage of variance and are weakly repeated in other samples. It may be possible to solve this problem by using larger samples and clearer homogeneous inclusion criteria. Thus, at the moment, there are few GWAS studies of PTSD; they are ambiguous and uninformative compared to the same studies for other mental disorders, but they have further potential for assessing the risks of developing the disease.

Keywords:

GWAS
PTSD
stress
polygenic risk

Authors:

Zorkina Y.A.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology;
Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1

Golubeva E.A.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology

Gurina O.I.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology

Reznik A.M.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology;
Russian University of Biotechnology

Morozova A.Y.

V. Serbsky National Medical Resesarch Center for Psychiatry and Narcology;
Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 1

Received:

12.07.2024

Accepted:

23.10.2024

List of references:

  1. Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Atkinson EG, et al. Genome-wide association analyses identify 95 risk loci and provide insights into the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Nat Genet. 2024;56(5):792-808.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01707-9
  2. Reznik AM. Review of studies of external factors and genetic preconditions of combat post-traumatic stress disorder. Bulletin of the Medical Institute of Continuing Education. 2022;(4):46-54. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.46393/27821714_2022_4_46
  3. Gates MA, Holowka DW, Vasterling JJ, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: epidemiology, screening, and case recognition. Psychol Serv. 2012;9(4):361-382.  https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027649
  4. Han X, Shen Q, Hou C, et al. Disease clusters subsequent to anxiety and stress-related disorders and their genetic determinants. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1209. Published 2024 Feb 8.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45445-2
  5. Stein MB, Levey DF, Cheng Z, et al. Genome-wide association analyses of post-traumatic stress disorder and its symptom subdomains in the Million Veteran Program. Nat Genet. 2021;53(2):174-184.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00767-x
  6. Gelernter J, Sun N, Polimanti R, et al. Genome-wide association study of post-traumatic stress disorder reexperiencing symptoms in>165,000 US veterans. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22(9):1394-1401. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0447-7
  7. Xie P, Kranzler HR, Yang C, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74(9):656-663.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.013
  8. Logue MW, Baldwin C, Guffanti G, et al. A genome-wide association study of post-traumatic stress disorder identifies the retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) gene as a significant risk locus. Mol Psychiatry. 2013;18(8):937-942.  https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2012.113
  9. Wilker S, Schneider A, Conrad D, et al. Genetic variation is associated with PTSD risk and aversive memory: Evidence from two trauma-Exposed African samples and one healthy European sample. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8(1):251.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0297-1
  10. Stein MB, Chen CY, Ursano RJ, et al. Genome-wide Association Studies of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in 2 Cohorts of US Army Soldiers. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(7):695-704.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0350
  11. Maihofer AX, Choi KW, Coleman JRI, et al. Enhancing Discovery of Genetic Variants for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Through Integration of Quantitative Phenotypes and Trauma Exposure Information. Biol Psychiatry. 2022;91(7):626-636.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.020
  12. Wendt FR, Pathak GA, Deak JD, et al. Using phenotype risk scores to enhance gene discovery for generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(4):2206-2215. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01469-y
  13. Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Klengel T, et al. International meta-analysis of PTSD genome-wide association studies identifies sex- and ancestry-specific genetic risk loci. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4558. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12576-w
  14. Meier SM, Trontti K, Purves KL, et al. Genetic Variants Associated With Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders: A Genome-Wide Association Study and Mouse-Model Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(9):924-932.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1119
  15. Stein MB, Levey DF, Cheng Z, et al. Genomic Characterization of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large US Military Veteran Sample. Nature Genetics. 2020:764001.
  16. Almli LM, Stevens JS, Smith AK, et al. A genome-wide identified risk variant for PTSD is a methylation quantitative trait locus and confers decreased cortical activation to fearful faces. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2015;168B(5):327-336.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32315
  17. Guffanti G, Galea S, Yan L, et al. Genome-wide association study implicates a novel RNA gene, the lincRNA AC068718.1, as a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013;38(12):3029-3038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.014
  18. Nievergelt CM, Maihofer AX, Mustapic M, et al. Genomic predictors of combat stress vulnerability and resilience in U.S. Marines: A genome-wide association study across multiple ancestries implicates PRTFDC1 as a potential PTSD gene. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2015;51:459-471.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.017
  19. Alloza I, Otaegui D, de Lapuente AL, et al. ANKRD55 and DHCR7 are novel multiple sclerosis risk loci. Genes Immun. 2012;13(3):253-257.  https://doi.org/10.1038/gene.2011.81
  20. Kojetin DJ, Burris TP. REV-ERB and ROR nuclear receptors as drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014;13(3):197-216.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4100
  21. Jolly S, Journiac N, Naudet F, et al. Cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous neuroprotective functions of RORα in neurons and astrocytes during hypoxia. J Neurosci. 2011;31(40):14314-14323. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1443-11.2011
  22. Banerjee SB, Morrison FG, Ressler KJ. Genetic approaches for the study of PTSD: Advances and challenges. Neurosci Lett. 2017;649:139-146.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.058
  23. Welin M, Egeblad L, Johansson A, et al. Structural and functional studies of the human phosphoribosyltransferase domain containing protein 1. FEBS J. 2010;277(23):4920-4930. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07897.x
  24. Wolf EJ, Rasmusson AM, Mitchell KS, et al. A genome-wide association study of clinical symptoms of dissociation in a trauma-exposed sample. Depression and anxiety. 2014;31(4):352-360.  https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22260
  25. Ashley-Koch AE, Garrett ME, Gibson J, et al. Genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Iraq-Afghanistan era veterans. J Affect Disord. 2015;184:225-234.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.049
  26. Chen H, Shi Z, Guo J, et al. The human mitochondrial 12S rRNA m4C methyltransferase METTL15 is required for mitochondrial function. J Biol Chem. 2020;295(25):8505-8513. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA119.012127
  27. Van Haute L, Hendrick AG, D’Souza AR, et al. METTL15 introduces N4-methylcytidine into human mitochondrial 12S rRNA and is required for mitoribosome biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(19):10267-10281. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz735
  28. Sultana R, Yu CE, Yu J, et al. Identification of a novel gene on chromosome 7q11.2 interrupted by a translocation breakpoint in a pair of autistic twins. Genomics. 2002;80(2):129-134.  https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2002.6810
  29. Beunders G, Voorhoeve E, Golzio C, et al. Exonic deletions in AUTS2 cause a syndromic form of intellectual disability and suggest a critical role for the C terminus. Am J Hum Genet. 2013;92(2):210-220.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.12.011
  30. Hori K, Nagai T, Shan W, et al. Cytoskeletal regulation by AUTS2 in neuronal migration and neuritogenesis. Cell Rep. 2014;9(6):2166-2179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.11.045
  31. Hori K, Shimaoka K, Hoshino M. AUTS2 Gene: Keys to Understanding the Pathogenesis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Cells. 2021;11(1):11. Published 2021 Dec 21.  https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010011
  32. Ji W, Luo Y, Ahmad E, Liu ST. Direct interactions of mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1) domains with each other and MAD2 conformers are required for mitotic checkpoint signaling. J Biol Chem. 2018;293(2):484-496.  https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA117.000555
  33. Wan J, Block S, Scribano CM, et al. Mad1 destabilizes p53 by preventing PML from sequestering MDM2. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1540. Published 2019 Apr 4.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09471-9
  34. Zuko A, Oguro-Ando A, van Dijk R, et al. Developmental role of the cell adhesion molecule Contactin-6 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Cell Adh Migr. 2016;10(4):378-392.  https://doi.org/10.1080/19336918.2016.1155018
  35. Lavery K, Swain P, Falb D, Alaoui-Ismaili MH. BMP-2/4 and BMP-6/7 differentially utilize cell surface receptors to induce osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(30):20948-20958. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M800850200
  36. Tanaka K, Kaji H, Yamaguchi T, et al. Involvement of the osteoinductive factors, Tmem119 and BMP-2, and the ER stress response PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway in the commitment of myoblastic into osteoblastic cells. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;94(4):454-464.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-013-9828-1
  37. Seeherman HJ, Berasi SP, Brown CT, et al. A BMP/activin A chimera is superior to native BMPs and induces bone repair in nonhuman primates when delivered in a composite matrix. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(489):eaar4953. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aar4953
  38. Shah K, Rossie S. Tale of the Good and the Bad Cdk5: Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton in the Brain. Mol Neurobiol. 2018;55(4):3426-3438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-017-0525-3
  39. Liang Z, Zhan Y, Shen Y, et al. The pseudokinase CaMKv is required for the activity-dependent maintenance of dendritic spines. Nat Commun. 2016;7:13282. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13282
  40. Morohashi Y, Hatano N, Ohya S, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of CALP/KChIP4, a novel EF-hand protein interacting with presenilin 2 and voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv4. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(17):14965-14975. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200897200
  41. An WF, Bowlby MR, Betty M, et al. Modulation of A-type potassium channels by a family of calcium sensors. Nature. 2000;403(6769):553-556.  https://doi.org/10.1038/35000592
  42. Brereton P, Suzuki T, Sasano H, et al. Pan1b (17betaHSD11)-enzymatic activity and distribution in the lung. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001;171(1-2):111-117.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00417-2
  43. Hong Y, Jang SW, Ye K. The N-terminal fragment from caspase-cleaved serine/arginine protein-specific kinase2 (SRPK2) translocates into the nucleus and promotes apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(1):777-786.  https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.193441
  44. Jang SW, Liu X, Fu H, et al. Interaction of Akt-phosphorylated SRPK2 with 14-3-3 mediates cell cycle and cell death in neurons. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(36):24512-24525. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.026237
  45. Radzisheuskaya A, Shliaha PV, Grinev VV, et al. Complex-dependent histone acetyltransferase activity of KAT8 determines its role in transcription and cellular homeostasis. Mol Cell. 2021;81(8):1749-1765.e8.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2021.02.012
  46. Li H, Zhu Y, Morozov YM, et al. Disruption of TCF4 regulatory networks leads to abnormal cortical development and mental disabilities. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24(8):1235-1246. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0353-0
  47. Chen J, Lin M, Hrabovsky A, et al. ZNF804A Transcriptional Networks in Differentiating Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of Human Origin. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0124597. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124597
  48. Riley B, Thiselton D, Maher BS, et al. Replication of association between schizophrenia and ZNF804A in the Irish Case-Control Study of Schizophrenia sample. Mol Psychiatry. 2010;15(1):29-37.  https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.109
  49. Steinberg S, Mors O, Børglum AD, et al. Expanding the range of ZNF804A variants conferring risk of psychosis. Mol Psychiatry. 2011;16(1):59-66.  https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2009.149
  50. Kane MS, Diamonstein CJ, Hauser N, et al. Endosomal trafficking defects in patient cells with KIAA1109 biallelic variants. Genes Dis. 2019;6(1):56-67.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2018.12.004
  51. de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA. Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(5):949-960.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2096-7
  52. Ing-Esteves S, Kostadinov D, Marocha J, et al. Combinatorial Effects of Alpha- and Gamma-Protocadherins on Neuronal Survival and Dendritic Self-Avoidance. J Neurosci. 2018;38(11):2713-2729. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3035-17.2018
  53. Sheehan K, Lee J, Chong J, et al. Transcription factor Sp4 is required for hyperalgesic state persistence. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211349. Published 2019 Feb 27.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211349
  54. Yadav P, Ahmed T, Park S, et al. EZH2 and matrix co-regulate phenotype and KCNB2 expression in bladder smooth muscle cells. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2023;11(4):293-303. 
  55. Wang P, Anderson DE, Ye Y. PI3K-AKT activation resculpts integrin signaling to drive filamentous tau-induced proinflammatory astrogliosis. Cell Biosci. 2023;13(1):179.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-023-01128-x
  56. Bommaraju S, Dhokne MD, Arun EV, et al. An insight into crosstalk among multiple signalling pathways contributing to the pathophysiology of PTSD and depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2024;131:110943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110943
  57. Bian YY, Yang LL, Zhang B, et al. Identification of key genes involved in post-traumatic stress disorder: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis. World J Psychiatry. 2020;10(12):286-298.  https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v10.i12.286
  58. Pereira Luppi M, Azcorra M, Caronia-Brown G, et al. Sox6 expression distinguishes dorsally and ventrally biased dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra with distinctive properties and embryonic origins. Cell Rep. 2021;37(6):109975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109975
  59. Nasyrova RF, Moskaleva PV, Vaiman EE, et al. Genetic Factors of Nitric Oxide’s System in Psychoneurologic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051604
  60. Nam J, Mah W, Kim E. The SALM/Lrfn family of leucine-rich repeat-containing cell adhesion molecules. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2011;22(5):492-498.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.06.005
  61. Cappello V, Marchetti L, Parlanti P, et al. Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):1.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-016-0001-8
  62. Zhu Y, Yao S, Augustine MM, et al. Neuron-specific SALM5 limits inflammation in the CNS via its interaction with HVEM. Sci Adv. 2016;2(4):e1500637. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500637
  63. Babcock KJ, Abdolmohammadi B, Kiernan PT, et al. Interface astrogliosis in contact sport head impacts and military blast exposure. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2022;10(1):52.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-022-01358-z
  64. Laurent CE, Smithgall TE. The c-Fes tyrosine kinase cooperates with the breakpoint cluster region protein (Bcr) to induce neurite extension in a Rac- and Cdc42-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res. 2004;299(1):188-198.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.05.010
  65. Huang YL, Pai FS, Tsou YT, et al. Human CLEC18 Gene Cluster Contains C-type Lectins with Differential Glycan-binding Specificity. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(35):21252-21263. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.649814
  66. Zhang CC, Xing A, Tan MS, et al. The Role of MAPT in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Genetics, Mechanisms and Therapy. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53(7):4893-4904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9415-8
  67. Vosberg DE, Leyton M, Flores C. The Netrin-1/DCC guidance system: dopamine pathway maturation and psychiatric disorders emerging in adolescence. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25(2):297-307.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0561-7
  68. Haag N, Schwintzer L, Ahuja R, et al. The actin nucleator Cobl is crucial for Purkinje cell development and works in close conjunction with the F-actin binding protein Abp1. J Neurosci. 2012;32(49):17842-17856. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0843-12.2012
  69. Zhang J, Roberts JM, Chang F, et al. Jarid2 promotes temporal progression of retinal progenitors via repression of Foxp1. Cell Rep. 2023;42(4):112416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112416
  70. Van Aubel RA, Smeets PH, van den Heuvel JJ, Russel FG. Human organic anion transporter MRP4 (ABCC4) is an efflux pump for the purine end metabolite urate with multiple allosteric substrate binding sites. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2005;288(2):F327-F333. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00133.2004
  71. Swart PC, van den Heuvel LL, Lewis CM, et al. A Genome-Wide Association Study and Polygenic Risk Score Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Metabolic Syndrome in a South African Population. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:677800. Published 2021 Jun 10.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.677800
  72. Shen H, Gelaye B, Huang H, et al. Polygenic prediction and GWAS of depression, PTSD, and suicidal ideation/self-harm in a Peruvian cohort. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45(10):1595-1602. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-020-0603-5
  73. Saenz de Viteri S, Zhang J, Johnson EC, et al. Genomic risk for post-traumatic stress disorder in families densely affected with alcohol use disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(8):3391-3396. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-023-02117-9
  74. Zhang KY, Card GL, Suzuki Y, et al. A glutamine switch mechanism for nucleotide selectivity by phosphodiesterases. Mol Cell. 2004;15(2):279-286.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2004.07.005
  75. Świerczek A, Jankowska A, Chłoń-Rzepa G, et al. Advances in the Discovery of PDE10A Inhibitors for CNS-Related Disorders. Part 2: Focus on Schizophrenia. Curr Drug Targets. 2019;20(16):1652-1669. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450120666190801114210
  76. Cibis H, Biyanee A, Dörner W, et al. Characterization of the zinc finger proteins ZMYM2 and ZMYM4 as novel B-MYB binding proteins. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):8390. Published 2020 May 21.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65443-w
  77. Zhang X, Zhou H, Zhang Y, et al. ZNF452 facilitates tumor proliferation and invasion via activating AKT-GSK3β signaling pathway and predicts poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncotarget. 2017;8(24):38863-38875. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16408
  78. Dahlhoff M, Siegmund A, Golub Y, et al. AKT/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signalling within hippocampus and amygdala reflects genetically determined differences in posttraumatic stress disorder like symptoms. Neuroscience. 2010;169(3):1216-1226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.066
  79. Ivanova S, Gregorc U, Vidergar N, et al. MAGUKs, scaffolding proteins at cell junctions, are substrates of different proteases during apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2011;2(1):e116. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2010.92
  80. Richter G, Gui T, Bourgeois B, et al. β-catenin regulates FOXP2 transcriptional activity via multiple binding sites. FEBS J. 2021;288(10):3261-3284. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15656
  81. Tanaka M, Sasaki K, Kamata R, et al. A novel RNA-binding protein, Ossa/C9orf10, regulates activity of Src kinases to protect cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 2009;29(2):402-413.  https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01035-08
  82. Duncan LE, Ratanatharathorn A, Aiello AE, et al. Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23(3):666-673.  https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2017.77
  83. Adachi N, Hess DT, McLaughlin P, Stamler JS. S-Palmitoylation of a Novel Site in the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Associated with a Novel Intracellular Itinerary. J Biol Chem. 2016;291(38):20232-20246. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.725762
  84. Shimura H, Hattori N, Kubo Si, et al. Familial Parkinson disease gene product, parkin, is a ubiquitin-protein ligase. Nat Genet. 2000;25(3):302-305.  https://doi.org/10.1038/77060
  85. Barazzuol L, Giamogante F, Brini M, Calì T. PINK1/Parkin Mediated Mitophagy, Ca2+ Signalling, and ER-Mitochondria Contacts in Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051772
  86. Groot KR, Sevilla LM, Nishi K, et al. Kazrin, a novel periplakin-interacting protein associated with desmosomes and the keratinocyte plasma membrane. J Cell Biol. 2004;166(5):653-659.  https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200312123
  87. Sekeres MJ, Winocur G, Moscovitch M. The hippocampus and related neocortical structures in memory transformation. Neurosci Lett. 2018;680:39-53.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.006
  88. Roesler R, Parent MB, LaLumiere RT, McIntyre CK. Amygdala-hippocampal interactions in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021;184:107490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107490
  89. Goto A. Synaptic plasticity during systems memory consolidation. Neurosci Res. 2022;183:1-6.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2022.05.008
  90. He M, Wei JX, Mao M, et al. Synaptic Plasticity in PTSD and associated Comorbidities: The Function and Mechanism for Diagnostics and Therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(34):4051-4059. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666181120094749
  91. Dityatev A, Bukalo O, Schachner M. Modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by cell adhesion and repulsion molecules. Neuron Glia Biol. 2008;4(3):197-209.  https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X09990111
  92. Cullen PK, Ferrara NC, Pullins SE, Helmstetter FJ. Context memory formation requires activity-dependent protein degradation in the hippocampus. Learn Mem. 2017;24(11):589-596.  https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.045443.117
  93. Kmita H, Pinna G, Lushchak VI. Potential oxidative stress related targets of mitochondria-focused therapy of PTSD. Front Physiol. 2023;14:1266575. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1266575
  94. Dunlop BW, Wong A. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in PTSD: Pathophysiology and treatment interventions. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;89:361-379.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.010
  95. Freudenberg F, Alttoa A, Reif A. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) and its adaptor, NOS1AP, as a genetic risk factors for psychiatric disorders. Genes Brain Behav. 2015;14(1):46-63.  https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12193
  96. Bruenig D, Morris CP, Mehta D, et al. Nitric oxide pathway genes (NOS1AP and NOS1) are involved in PTSD severity, depression, anxiety, stress and resilience. Gene. 2017;625:42-48.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.048
  97. Chen HJ, Spiers JG, Sernia C, Lavidis NA. Acute restraint stress induces specific changes in nitric oxide production and inflammatory markers in the rat hippocampus and striatum. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;90:219-229.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.023
  98. Ploeger A, Raijmakers ME, van der Maas HL, Galis F. The association between autism and errors in early embryogenesis: what is the causal mechanism? Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(7):602-607.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.010
  99. Debnath M, Venkatasubramanian G, Berk M. Fetal programming of schizophrenia: select mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;49:90-104.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.003
  100. Hori K, Shimaoka K, Hoshino M. AUTS2 Gene: Keys to Understanding the Pathogenesis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Cells. 2021;11(1):11.  https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010011
  101. Haruvi-Lamdan N, Horesh D, Golan O. PTSD and autism spectrum disorder: Co-morbidity, gaps in research, and potential shared mechanisms. Psychol Trauma. 2018;10(3):290-299.  https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000298
  102. Terranova JI, Ogawa SK, Kitamura T. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis for systems consolidation of memory. Behav Brain Res. 2019;372:112035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112035
  103. Fujikawa R, Ramsaran AI, Guskjolen A, et al. Neurogenesis-dependent remodeling of hippocampal circuits reduces PTSD-like behaviors in adult mice. Mol Psychiatry. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-024-02585-7
  104. Cisler JM, Herringa RJ. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Developing Adolescent Brain. Biol Psychiatry. 2021;89(2):144-151.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.001
  105. Sokolov AV, Manu DM, Nordberg DOT, et al. Methylation in MAD1L1 is associated with the severity of suicide attempt and phenotypes of depression. Clin Epigenetics. 2023;15(1):1.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-022-01394-5
  106. Zhou S, Luo H, Tian Y, et al. Investigating the shared genetic architecture of post-traumatic stress disorder and gastrointestinal tract disorders: a genome-wide cross-trait analysis. Psychol Med. 2023;53(16):7627-7635. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723001423
  107. Morozova A, Ushakova V, Pavlova O, et al. BDNF, DRD4, and HTR2A Gene Allele Frequency Distribution and Association with Mental Illnesses in the European Part of Russia. Genes (Basel). 2024;15(2):240.  https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15020240
  108. Misganaw B, Guffanti G, Lori A, et al. Polygenic risk associated with post-traumatic stress disorder onset and severity. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9(1):165.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-019-0497-3

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.