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Abramov A.V.

Centre for Mental Health Research;
Sukhareva Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents

Chaika Yu.A.

Mental Health Research Centre

Goryunov A.V.

Mental Health Research Center

Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: A clinical assessment by a psychiatrist

Authors:

Abramov A.V., Chaika Yu.A., Goryunov A.V.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;124(10): 144‑149

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2025125101144

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Table of contents

PEDIATRIC AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS: A CLINICAL ASSESSMENT BY A PSYCHIATRIST
PEDIATRIC AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS: A CLINICAL ASSESSMENT BY A PSYCHIATRIST

To cite this article:

Abramov AV, Chaika YuA, Goryunov AV. Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: A clinical assessment by a psychiatrist. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;124(10):144‑149. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2025125101144

Подписка 2026 Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова (S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
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Abstract:

A clinical case of a 9-year-old patient with a seronegative autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is presented. The literature data indicate a particular difficulty in verifying cases of autoimmune encephalitis in childhood, as well as the lack of accuracy in the existing expert criteria. The clinical presentation of AE is polymorphic and variable and includes neurological and psychiatric syndromes in various proportions, including cases with a predominance of mental disorders and a recurrent course. The study of this category of patients by psychiatrists is challenging due to the rarity of the pathology and routing of patients to various, mainly infectious, neurological, or oncological somatic hospitals.

Keywords:

pediatric autoimmune encephalitis
clinical presentation
mental disorders
clinical case
probable autoimmune encephalitis

Authors:

Abramov A.V.

Centre for Mental Health Research;
Sukhareva Scientific and Practical Center for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents

Chaika Yu.A.

Mental Health Research Centre

Goryunov A.V.

Mental Health Research Center

Received:

21.07.2025

Accepted:

14.08.2025

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References:

  1. Polonskii EL, Skulyabin DI, Lapin SV, et al. Polimorfizm autoimmunnogo entsefalita. Annaly klinicheskoi i eksperimental’noi nevrologii. 2019;13(2):79 - 91. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.25692/ACEN.2019.2.9
  2. Shnaider NA, Dmitrenko DV, Dykhno YuA, et al. Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis in the Practice of Neurologists and Oncologists. Rossiiskii onkologicheskii zhurnal. 2013;18(1):49-57. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17816/onco39993
  3. Graus F, Vogrig A, Muñiz-Castrillo S, et al. Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021;8(4):e1014. https://doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000001014
  4. Abboud H, Probasco JC, Irani S, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed best practice recommendations for diagnosis and acute management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92(7):757-768.  https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-325300
  5. Venkatesan A, Tunkel AR, Bloch KC, et al. Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(8):1114-1128. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit458
  6. Herken J, Prüss H. Red Flags. Clinical Signs for Identifying Autoimmune Encephalitis in Psychiatric Patients. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:25.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00025
  7. Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(4):391-404.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00401-9
  8. Ho ACC, Mohammad SS, Pillai SC, et al. High sensitivity and specificity in proposed clinical diagnostic criteria for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(12):1256-1260. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13579
  9. Cellucci T, Van Mater H, Graus F, et al. Clinical approach to the diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis in the pediatric patient [published correction appears in Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(4):e730. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(2):e663. https://doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000663
  10. Olivé-Cirera G, Fonseca E, Chen LW, et al. Differential diagnosis and comparison of diagnostic algorithms in children and adolescents with autoimmune encephalitis in Spain: a prospective cohort study and retrospective analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2025;24(1):54-64.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00443-5
  11. Nosadini M, Eyre M, Molteni E, et al. Use and Safety of Immunotherapeutic Management of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antibody Encephalitis: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(11):1333-1344. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3188
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