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Koshmanova A.N.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Yorgova D.I.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Vergus E.S.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Zharova M.E.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Nikonov E.L.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the esophagus in adults: a systematic review

Authors:

Koshmanova A.N., Yorgova D.I., Vergus E.S., Zharova M.E., Nikonov E.L.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2025;14(1): 5‑28

DOI: 10.17116/dokgastro2025140115

Read: 1892 times

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Table of contents

GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS OF THE ESOPHAGUS IN ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS OF THE ESOPHAGUS IN ADULTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

To cite this article:

Koshmanova AN, Yorgova DI, Vergus ES, Zharova ME, Nikonov EL. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the esophagus in adults: a systematic review. Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2025;14(1):5‑28. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/dokgastro2025140115

Подписка 2026 Доказательная гастроэнтерология (Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
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Abstract:

Esophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the increasing number of reported cases, systematic knowledge on this condition remains limited.

OBJECTIVE

To summarize and organize data on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal GISTs.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka, covering publications from 1988 to 2024. Additional articles were identified through reference lists and manual searches.

RESULTS

A total of 1.113 articles were screened, and 59 studies (1.481 patients) were analyzed. The key findings were: esophageal GISTs predominantly affect men, with a mean age of 65 years. The condition is often diagnosed incidentally or after symptoms such as dysphagia, chest discomfort, weight loss, and bleeding. Tumors are most commonly located in the lower third of the esophagus (64%), with an average size of 6 cm. Surgical treatment was performed in 67.2% of cases, including esophagectomy (65.8%), enucleation (24.8%), esophagogastrectomy (5.7%), and subtotal esophageal resection (3.6%). Medical therapy was administered in 33.8% of cases, with neoadjuvant treatment in 44.4% and adjuvant therapy in 51.6%. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 67.4%, with a median OS of 131 months. At a median follow-up of 24 months, 88% of patients remained progression-free, 8% experienced disease progression, and 4% died from the disease.

CONCLUSION

This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal GISTs. Most patients presented with tumor-related symptoms. Surgery, particularly esophagectomy and enucleation, remains the primary treatment approach, while tyrosine kinase inhibitors play a central role in medical therapy.

Keywords:

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour
oesophagus
molecular status
epidemiology
clinical symptoms

Authors:

Koshmanova A.N.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Yorgova D.I.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Vergus E.S.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Zharova M.E.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Nikonov E.L.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Received:

02.10.2024

Accepted:

09.12.2024

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