The sharp increase in cardiovascular disease is associated not only with known risk factors, but also with a massive increase in sleep disorders. with insomnia, it triggers a pathogenic vicious circle: insomnia-inflammation-disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis-neurodegeneration-cognitive dysfunction. Currently, a number of pharmacological modulators have been described that can activate the cell survival system. A special role is given to peptide preparations. They have a unique ability to create new conformations with the body’s own peptides without causing adverse effects, without entering into antagonistic relationships with other drugs, without affecting systemic hemodynamics. Small peptides, which, while not actually neurotrophins, specifically interact with the corresponding receptors, stimulate the synthesis of releasing active factors in the corresponding regions of the brain. Cortexin, the first Russian peptide with the largest evidence-based experimental and clinical base, can be recommended as a means of pathogenetic therapy for sleep disorders.