Article is devoted to topical issues of complex diagnosis and treatment of the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children, adolescents and adults. Craniocerebral trauma is one of the most important problems of modern neurology, due to the high frequency and severity of disability. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in effects of TBI, a significant part of which are asthenic, autonomic, cognitive, emotional and motor disorders. Factors affecting the severity of the consequences of TBI are: the severity of the injury, the age, at which the injury occurred, the time elapsed since the injury, the localization of the lesion. After mild TBI, the structure of cognitive impairment is dominated by memory and attention disorders (75%), visual-motor coordination, as well as asthenic disorders (88%), chronic headaches (95%). After moderate and severe TBI, there are more pronounced impairment of cognitive and motor functions accompanied by pathological neurological symptoms in 94—100% of children, which leads to difficulties in learning, self-service and has a negative impact on social adaptation. The article describes in detail the modern methods of complex diagnosis, as well as pathogenetically justified methods of drug therapy of cognitive disorders in patients with the consequences of TBI. The high efficacy of the modern cytoprotective drug Cytoflavin in the treatment of the effects of TBI is shown.