The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-4329
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2026
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Rubel A.D.

State Council of the Republic of Crimea

Gumenyuk L.N.

Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (Academic Unit of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University»)

Bobrik Yu.V.

Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (Academic Unit of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University»)

Efficacy of adding transcranial electrical stimulation to monopharmacotherapy in post-COVID syndrome with chronic fatigue and cognitive decline

Authors:

Rubel A.D., Gumenyuk L.N., Bobrik Yu.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2025;102(6): 5‑12

DOI: 10.17116/kurort20251020615

Read: 1280 times

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

EFFICACY OF ADDING TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TO MONOPHARMACOTHERAPY IN POST-COVID SYNDROME WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE
EFFICACY OF ADDING TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TO MONOPHARMACOTHERAPY IN POST-COVID SYNDROME WITH CHRONIC FATIGUE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE

To cite this article:

Rubel AD, Gumenyuk LN, Bobrik YuV. Efficacy of adding transcranial electrical stimulation to monopharmacotherapy in post-COVID syndrome with chronic fatigue and cognitive decline. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2025;102(6):5‑12. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/kurort20251020615

Подписка 2026 Вопросы курортологии, физиотерапии и лечебной физической культуры (Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Identification of depression biomarkers: Prospects for use in clinical practice. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(5):51-55
Diagnostic stra­tegies for post-COVID syndrome. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(6):126-130
Late complications and quality of life after multivisceral surgeries with pancreatoduodenectomy. Piro­gov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2025;(7):36-45
Key specific tools for asse­ssment of life quality of patients with psoriasis. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Vene­reology. 2025;(3):319-325
Dysfunctional pelvic pain in women. Russian Journal of Pain. 2025;(2):32-37
Quality of life after prophylactic mastectomy with simu­ltaneous reco­nstruction. Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medi­cine. 2025;(2-2):5-12
The impact of Mexi­dol on improving quality of life para­meters and functional kidney status as part of complex therapy for cognitive impairments in como­rbid patients with microalbuminuria against the background of arte­rial hype­rtension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Russian Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2025;(4):478-478
Sleep diso­rders after COVID-19 in patients with primary headaches. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(8):127-132
Radon therapy and high-intensity magnetic therapy in spa treatment of chro­nic dyscirculatory ence­phalopathy. Rege­nerative Biotechnologies, Preventive, Digi­tal and Predictive Medi­cine. 2025;(3):22-28
Quality of life within 6 months after coro­nary artery bypass grafting. Russian Cardiology Bulletin. 2025;(3):62-71
Abstract:

BACKGRAUND

The investigation of potential treatment methods for post-COVID syndrome with neurological manifestations within the framework of randomized controlled trials remains one of the priority tasks.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the effects of pharmacotherapy alone versus pharmacotherapy combined with transcranial electrical stimulation on neurological status measures and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with post-COVID syndrome.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included 150 patients with PCS and randomized them into 2 groups (75 patients each): the main group received transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in addition to monopharmacotherapy, the comparison group received monopharmacotherapy only. The effectiveness of the treatment was analyzed using the MFI-20, MoCa, CGI—S scales and plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6.

RESULTS

The study included 150 patients with post-COVID syndrome presenting neurological symptoms, who were randomized into two groups (75 patients each): the main group received transcranial electrical stimulation in combination with pharmacotherapy, while the comparison group received pharmacotherapy alone. In both groups, Cortexin was used as the pharmacotherapy. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated using the MFI-20, MoCA, and CGI—S scales, as well as plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

CONCLUSION

The results of the study support considering transcranial electrical stimulation as an effective and pathogenetically justified component of complex therapy for post-COVID syndrome with neurological symptoms, accompanied by chronic fatigue and cognitive impairment.

Keywords:

True eczema
spa treatment
balneotherapy
magnetic laser therapy
IL-4
IL-13
anxiety-depressive disorders
quality of life

Authors:

Rubel A.D.

State Council of the Republic of Crimea

Gumenyuk L.N.

Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (Academic Unit of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University»)

Bobrik Yu.V.

Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky (Academic Unit of Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University»)

Received:

14.08.2025

Accepted:

05.10.2025

Close metadata

References:

  1. Goncalves FT, Firigato I, Pessotto AV, Carvalho Soares FH, Martins F, Dos Santos Rosa T, Kubota GT, de Andrade DC, Faria VG, Fregni F, Battistella LR, Imamura M, MIziara ID. De novo post-COVID-19 chronic pain: a piece of information about risk factor and clinical features. Pain Rep. 2025;10(4):e1287. https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001287
  2. Chen C, Haupert SR, Zimmermann L, Shi X, Fritsche LG, Mukherjee B. GlobalPrevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition or Long COVID: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. J. Infect. Dis. 2022;226:1593-1607. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac136
  3. Seang S, Itani O, Monsel G, Abdi B, Marcelin AG, Valantin MA, Palich R, Faypal A, Pourcher V, Katlama C, Tubiana R. Long COVID-19 symptoms: Clinical characteristics andrecovery rate among non-severe outpatients over a six-month follow-up. Infect. Dis. Now. 2022;52:165-169.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idnow.2022.02.005
  4. Naik H, Cooke E, Boulter T, Dyer R, Bone JN, Tsai M, Cristobal J, McKay RJ, Song X, Nacul L. Low-dose naltrexone for post-COVID fatigue syndrome: a study protocol for a double-blind, randomised trial in British Columbia. BMJ Open. 2024;14(5):e085272. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085272
  5. Taquet M, Sillett R, Zhu L, Mendel J, Camplisson I, Dercon Q, Harrison PJ. Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9(10):815-827.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00260-7
  6. Vélez-Santamaría R, Fernández-Solana J, Méndez-López F, Domínguez-GarcíaM, González-Bernal JJ, Magallón-Botaya R, Oliván-Blázquez B, González Santos J, Santamaría-Peláez M. Functionality, physical activity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with acute COVID-19 and Long COVID infection. Sci Rep. 2023;14:13(1):19907. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-47218-1
  7. Rooney S, Webster A, Paul L. Systematic Review of Changes and Recovery in Physical Function and Fitness after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Infection: Implications for COVID-19 Rehabilitation. Phys. Ther. 2020;100:1717-1729. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa129
  8. Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21:133-46.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2
  9. Bonilla H, Peluso MJ, Rodgers K, Aberg JA, Patterson TF, Tamburro R, Baizer L, Goldman JD, Rouphael N, Deitchman A, Fine J, Fontelo P, Kim AY, Shaw G, Stratford J, Ceger P, Costantine MM, Fisher L, O’Brien L, Maughan C, Quigley JG, Gabbay V, Mohandas S, Williams D, McComsey GA. Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: A call to action from the interventions Taskforce of the RECOVER initiative. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1129459. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129459
  10. Jamoulle M, Louazon E, Antonacci T, Van Weyenbergh J. Long COVID needs novel clinical trials. Nature. 2024;626:954.  https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00560-4
  11. Desheva Y, Muruzheva Z, Tumashova O, Shvedova T, Kudar P, Matveev G, Koroleva I, Leontieva G, Lerner A, Ponkratov S, Firova E, Suvorov A. Cytokine profiles and neurological manifestations in post-COVID syndrome. Explor Immunol. 2025;5:1003184. https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2025.100318
  12. Liu Z, Lv Z, Zhou X, Shi J, Hong S, Huang H, Lv L. Efficacy of traditional Chinese exercises in patients with post-COVID-19 chronic fatigue syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;18:101(46):e31450. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031450
  13. Nuber-Champier A, Breville G, Voruz P, Jacot de Alcdntara I, Cionca A, Allali G, Lalive PH, Benzakour L, Luvblad KO, Braillard O, Nehme M, Coen M, Serratrice J, Reny JL, Pugin J, Guessous I, Landis BN, Assal F, Puron JA. Systemic cytokines related to memory function 6-9 months and 12-15 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):22660. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72421-z
  14. Zaharov DV, Burjak JuV. Postkovidnye kognitivnye rasstrojstva. Sovremennyj vzgljad na problemu, patogenez i terapiju. Obozrenie psihiatrii i medicinskoj psihologii im. VM. Behtereva. 2021;55(4):97-105. (In Russ.).
  15. Hasanova DR, Zhitkova JuV, Vaskaeva GR. Postkovidnyj sindrom: obzor znanij o patogeneze, nejropsihiatricheskih projavlenijah i perspektivah lechenija. Nevrologija, nejropsihiatrija, psihosomatika. 2021;13(3):93-98. (In Russ.).
  16. Ahmedzhanova LT, Ostroumova TM, Soloha OA. Vedenie pacientov s bolevymi sindromami na fone COVID-19. Nevrologija, nejropsihiatrija, psihosomatika. 2021;13(5):96-101. (In Russ.).
  17. Hajbullina DH, Maksimov JuN. Astenicheskij postkovidnyj sindrom. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2023;123(3):61-69. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202312303161
  18. Petrova MS. Kompleksnyj podhod v reabilitacii pacientov s COVID-19 (literature review). Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii i lechebnoj fizicheskoj kul’tury. 2024;101(3):48-55. (In Russ.).
  19. Tan C, Meng J, Dai X, He B, Liu P, Wu Y, Xiong Y, Yin H, Wang S, Gao S. Effects of therapeutic interventions on long COVID: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine. 2025 Aug 5;87:103412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103412
  20. Lebedev VP, Kacnel’son JaS, Leosko VA, Baranovskij AL, Shlemis GI. Sposob obshhego jelektroobezbolivanija. No 3385722/28-13. Zajavl. 18.01.82; Opubl. 23.02.84. Bjull. Otkrytija. Izobretenija. 1984;7:24. (In Russ.).
  21. Rajgorodskij JuM, Ponomarenko GN, Bolotova NV, Cherevashhenko LA. Transkranial’naja fizioterapija pri sindrome hronicheskoj ustalosti Fizioterapija, bal’neologija i reabilitacija. 2015;14(3):19-22. (In Russ.).
  22. Корнюхина Е.Ю., Черникова Л.А., Иванова-Смоленская И.А., Карабанов А.В., Федин П.А. Воздействие транскраниальной электростимуляции на эмоционально-волевые расстройства и когнитивные нарушения при болезни Паркинсона. Транскраниальная электростимуляция. Экспериментально-клинические исследования. Сборник статей. 2009;3:21-28. 
  23. Kornyuhina EYu, Chernikova LA, Ivanova-Smolenskaya IA, Karabanov AV, Fedin PA. Vozdejstvie transkranial’noj ehlektrostimulyacii na ehmocional’no-volevye rasstrojstva i kognitivnye narusheniya pri bolezni Parkinsona. Transkranial’naya ehlektrostimulyaciya. Eksperimental’no-klinicheskie issledovaniya. Sbornik statej. 2009;3:21-28. (In Russ.).
  24. Melnik EA. Neiroprotekcija pri postkovidnyh kognitivnyh narushenijah. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2024;124(7):106-111. (In Russ.).
  25. Baryl’nik JuB, Bolotova NV, Levit SV, Rajgorodskij JuM, Cherevashhenko LA, Cherevashhenko IA. Psihicheskie, vegetativnye i nejrofiziologicheskie narushenija u bol’nyh s ozhireniem i ih korrekcija s pomoshh’ju transkranial’noj jelektrostimuljacii. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2012;112(9):52-56. (In Russ.).
  26. Bobrik JuV, Minina EN, Hait N. Jeffektivnost’ ispol’zovanija transkranial’noj elektrostimuljacii (TES) v nejroreabilitacii pacientov s post-COVID-19. Vestnik fizioterapii i kurortologii. 2022;1:85. (In Russ.).
  27. Tokareva SV. Ocenka jeffektivnosti transkranial’noj jelektrostimuljacii v reabilitacii pacientov, perenesshih Covid-19. Vestnik novyh medicinskih tehnologij. 2022;16(3):97-104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/2075-40942022-3-3-6
  28. Evstigneev VV, Kisten’ OV, Ulashhik VS. Transkranial’naja magnitnaja stimuljacija kak lechebnyj faktor. Zdravoohranenie. 2004;9:32-38. (In Russ.).
  29. Kacnel’son JaS, Leosko VA. Ocenka jeffektivnosti novogo metoda trans- kranial’noj jelektroanalgezii v klinicheskoj anesteziologii. V: Novyj metod transkranial’nogo jelektroobezbolivanija. Teor. osnovy i prakt. ocenka. Tez dokl./Leningrad: Nauka, 1987; 20-2. (In Russ.).
  30. Slama Schwok A, Henri J. Long Neuro-COVID-19: Current Mechanistic Views and Therapeutic Perspectives. Biomolecules. 2024;14(9):1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14091081
  31. Wong AC, Devason AS, Umana IC, Cox TO, Dohnalová L, Litichevskiy L, Perla J, Lundgren P, Etwebi Z, Izzo LT, Kim J, Tetlak M, Descamps HC, Park SL, Wisser S, McKnight AD, Pardy RD, Kim J, Blank N, Patel S, Thum K, Mason S, Beltra JC, Michieletto MF, Ngiow SF, Miller BM, Liou MJ, Madhu B, Dmitrieva-Posocco O, Huber AS, Hewins P, Petucci C, Chu CP, Baraniecki-Zwil G, Giron LB, Baxter AE, Greenplate AR, Kearns C, Montone K, Litzky LA, Feldman M, Henao-Mejia J, Striepen B, Ramage H, Jurado KA, Wellen KE, O’Doherty U, Abdel-Mohsen M, Landay AL, Keshavarzian A, Henrich TJ, Deeks SG, Peluso MJ, Meyer NJ, Wherry EJ, Abramoff BA, Cherry S, Thaiss CA, Levy M. Serotonin reduction in post-acute sequelae of viral infection. Cell. 2023;186(22):4851-4867.e20.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.013
  32. Imamdin A, van der Vorst EPC. Exploring the Role of Serotonin as an Immune Modulatory Component in Cardiovascular Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(2):1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021549
  33. Pilozzi A, Carro C, Huang X. Roles of β-Endorphin in Stress, Behavior, Neuroinflammation, and Brain Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;22(1):338.  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010338
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.