The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-4329
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2026
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Mkhitarian A.A.

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — branch of the Volga State Medical University

Mirzoeva M.N.

Tyumen State Medical University

Novozhenova V.N.

Tyumen State Medical University

Prytkova V.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Beketova A.A.

«Reaviz» Medical University

Diagnostic strategies for post-COVID syndrome

Authors:

Mkhitarian A.A., Mirzoeva M.N., Novozhenova V.N., Prytkova V., Beketova A.A.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2025;28(6): 126‑130

DOI: 10.17116/profmed202528061126

Read: 1274 times

Contact the author
Table of contents

DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES FOR POST-COVID SYNDROME
DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES FOR POST-COVID SYNDROME

To cite this article:

Mkhitarian AA, Mirzoeva MN, Novozhenova VN, Prytkova V, Beketova AA. Diagnostic strategies for post-COVID syndrome. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2025;28(6):126‑130. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed202528061126

 
Подписка 2026 Профилактическая медицина (Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Chro­nic kidney disease and microcirculation diso­rders. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2025;(8):123-130
A personalized approach to the choice of treatment options for rectal cancer patients taking into account the risk of progression. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2025;(4):14-21
Sleep diso­rders after COVID-19 in patients with primary headaches. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(8):127-132
Morphological and immu­nohistochemical characteristics of skin specimens after isolated and combined inje­ctions of poly-L-lactic acid and hyaluronic acid. Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medi­cine. 2025;(3):50-62
The use of grape poly­phenols in combination with magnetic therapy in patients with bronchial asthma who have suffered a new coro­navirus infe­ction. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2025;(4):14-19
Mice and rats wound infe­ction models for testing new drugs under deve­lopment. Mole­cular Gene­tics, Microbiology and Viro­logy. 2025;(3):9-24
TERTp muta­tion screening using digi­tal droplet PCR of collection of 52 paired DNA samples from blood plasma and tumor tissue in patients with glioblastoma. Burdenko's Journal of Neurosurgery. 2025;(5):87-95
«Metabolic health» and endo­thelial function in women with poly­cystic ovary syndrome. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2025;(5):27-34
Gene­tic predictors of the formation of placental insu­fficiency in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus without insu­lin requirement. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2025;(5):103-110
Current aspe­cts of the rela­tionship between depression and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(10):66-74
Abstract:

Post-COVID syndrome is a multisystem pathological condition caused by the history of infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus. This condition is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including chronic fatigue, cognitive and respiratory disorders as well as damage to the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Despite the high prevalence of post-COVID syndrome, unified diagnostic criteria remain insufficiently developed.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the modern approaches to the diagnosis of post-COVID syndrome on the basis of the data from relevant scientific publications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study is based on an analysis of publications from peer-reviewed international and Russian scientific journals included in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and RSCI databases. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical recommendations and cohort studies for the period from 2019 were studied. The main focus is on publications containing data on pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic criteria of post-COVID syndrome.

RESULTS

The main pathophysiological mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome, such as persistent inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, microcirculatory disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction have been presented. The main clinical phenotypes of post-COVID syndrome have been described. Modern diagnostic methods based on the clinical and laboratory data have been analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS

Analysis of the modern literature has allowed to identify key pathophysiological mechanisms of post-COVID syndrome, including persistent inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, microcirculatory disorders and mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite the achievements in the study of post-COVID syndrome symptoms, unified diagnostic criteria remain insufficiently developed. Further clinical research is needed to standardize diagnostic approaches and develop therapeutic algorithms.

Keywords:

post-COVID syndrome
long COVID-19
chronic fatigue
endothelial dysfunction
pathophysiological mechanisms
personalized approach
biomarkers
phenotypes

Authors:

Mkhitarian A.A.

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute — branch of the Volga State Medical University

Mirzoeva M.N.

Tyumen State Medical University

Novozhenova V.N.

Tyumen State Medical University

Prytkova V.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Beketova A.A.

«Reaviz» Medical University

Received:

28.03.2025

Accepted:

18.04.2025

Close metadata

References:

  1. Karaseva AA, Khudiakova AD, Garbuzova EV, et al. Severity of Postcovid Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Arhiv# vnutrennej mediciny. 2023;13(6):422-435. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2023-13-6-422-435
  2. Koronavirusnaya infekciya (COVID-19): postkovidny`j sindrom. Vsemirnaya organizaciya zdravooxraneniya. Accessed February 22, 2025. (In Russ.). https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/coronavirus-disease-%28covid-19%29-post-covid-19-condition?
  3. Asfandiyarova NS. Post-COVID-19 syndrome. Klinicheskaja medicina. 2021;99(7-8):429-435. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-7-8-429-435
  4. Davis HE, Assaf GS, McCorkell L, et al. Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;(38):101019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101019
  5. Parums DV. Editorial: Long COVID, or Post-COVID Syndrome, and the Global Impact on Health Care. Medical Science Monitor. 2021;(27):e933446. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.933446
  6. Fortini A, Torrigiani A, Sbaragli S, et al. COVID-19: persistence of symptoms and lung alterations after 3-6 months from hospital discharge. Infection. 2021;49(5):1007-1015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01638-1
  7. Karaarslan F, Güneri FD, Kardeş S. Long COVID: rheumatologic/musculoskeletal symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors at 3 and 6 months. Clinical Rheumatology. 2022;41(1):289-296.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05942-x
  8. Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T, et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nature Medicine. 2021;27(4):626-631.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01292-y
  9. Gentilotti E, Górska A, Tami A, et al. Clinical phenotypes and quality of life to define post-COVID-19 syndrome: a cluster analysis of the multinational, prospective Orchestra cohort. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;21(62):102107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102107
  10. Ståhlberg M, Reistam U, Fedorowski A, et al. Post-COVID-19 Tachycardia Syndrome: A Distinct Phenotype of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome. American Journal of Medicine. 2021;134(12):1451-1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.07.004
  11. Vorobyov PA, Vorobyov AP, Krasnova LS. Post-COVID syndrome: image of the disease, concept of pathogenesis and classification. Problemy standartizacii v zdravoohranenii. 2021;(5-6):3-10. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26347/1607-2502202105-06003-010
  12. Isaeva AV, Vetluzhskaya MV, Korobeynikova AN, Vlasova AV. Clinical phenotypes and features of the course of post-covid syndrome. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2023;26(9):66-73. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20232609166
  13. Ceban F, Ling S, Lui LMW, et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, behavior, and Immunity. 2022;(101):93-135.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.020
  14. Oronsky B, Larson C, Hammond TC, et al. A Review of Persistent Post-COVID Syndrome (PPCS). Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology. 2023;64(1):66-74.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-021-08848-3
  15. Hellwig S, Domschke K. Post-COVID-Syndrom — Fokus Fatigue. Nervenarzt. 2022;93(8):788-796.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-022-01306-1
  16. Richter AG, Shields AM, Karim A, et al. Establishing the prevalence of common tissue-specific autoantibodies following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 2021;205(2):99-105.  https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.13623
  17. Lai YJ, Liu SH, Manachevakul S, et al. Biomarkers in long COVID-19: A systematic review. Frontiers in Medicine. 2023;10:1085988. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1085988
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.