In view of the fact that gestational diabetes mellitus occurs against the background of various complications of pregnancy, often mutually aggravating each other, the search for risk factors of manifestation of gestational diabetes mellitus in all kinds of gestational complications is currently relevant.
OBJECTIVE
To assess eating habits, psycho-emotional state, quality of life and identification of risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women with threatening late miscarriage.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study included 140 patients with threatened abortion at gestational age of 13—22 weeks at the time of admission to the hospital. The main group consisted of 70 patients with threatened miscarriage and gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed on admission. The comparison group consisted of 70 patients with threatened miscarriage. All pregnant women were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire. Nutritional behavior was assessed using the standardized DEBQ questionnaire; well-being, activity and mood — using the SUN questionnaire (well-being, activity, mood); level of anxiety and depression — using the HADS scale; quality of life — using the standardized SF-36 questionnaire.
RESULTS
Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus detected in the II trimester of pregnancy and threatening late miscarriage are characterized by older reproductive age, higher body mass index at the time of pregnancy, higher body weight gain in the II trimester of pregnancy, lower quality of life. Risk factors for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in the second trimester of pregnancy in patients with threatened miscarriage are irregular working hours, smoking, chronic inflammatory diseases, hypertension, obesity, aggravated family history and obesity in 1st degree relatives, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2nd-degree relatives, aggravated obstetric history (moderate pre-eclampsia), edema and polyuria complicating the course of previous pregnancies, disturbed eating habits (restrictive eating habits, its combination with externalized eating habits), low physical activity, poor well-being and mood, anxiety and depression.
CONCLUSION
In order to eliminate modifiable risk factors without and during pregnancy, it is necessary timely to detect them and carry out prophylaxis, identify and treat extragenital diseases, recommend consulting a psychologist and a nutritionist, and work with future parents.
