Some studies have indicated the involvement of a number of cytokines in the stages of labor and demonstrated the link between the onset of labor and increased production of certain cytokines. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of cytokine and oxytocin production in predicting the course of labor and deciding on the choice of delivery options for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Material and methods. A total of 45 pregnant women with normal pregnancy progression and childbirth (control group) and 40 pregnant women with pre-existing type 1 diabetes mellitus (main group) were examined. From 2016 to 2018, observation and examination of the women were conducted over the course of the first (12 weeks), second (24—28 weeks), and third (36—38 weeks) trimesters of pregnancy according to the Obstetric Monitoring Program. Just prior to the due date (37—38 weeks of gestation), in patients in both the main and control groups, the blood serum levels of interleukin-1-β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and oxytocin were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results. It was established that childbirth complications developed in 87.5% of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The ineffectiveness of induced labor for women in the main group of women in childbirth with primary and/or secondary weakness of contractions was 12.5%. At the same time, in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus, an increase in the level of IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α (by 100, 58, and 51%, respectively) at the onset of labor was shown in conjunction with a decrease in the level of oxytocin (by 80%). Conclusion. Strong correlations between biochemical markers (IL-1β, TGF-β, TNF-α, oxytocin) and uterine contractile activity (r=0.8) were revealed in the patients of the main group, which make it possible to predict a high probability of the development of childbirth complications and to consider appropriate delivery options.