Scientific evidence that the microflora plays a role in the physiological and pathological processes in the female reproductive organs is still insufficient. Many studies focus on the relationship between immunity, microbiome, fertility, and cancer in women. Chronic endometritis is a serious disease that leads to abnormal endometrial function. The larger number of patients with a history of chronic inflammatory disease may be associated with the changes of systemic microbiocenosis and local and systemic immunity. Objective — to analyze vaginal and intestinal microflora in patients with chronic endometritis in the context of a study of cellular immunity. Material and methods. Cellular immunity was investigated by immunocytochemistry and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD95+ lymphocytes were estimated using microscopic and bacteriological methods; the intestinal and vaginal microflora was also examined. Results. Patients with chronic endometritis showed the high incidence rates of diseases of both the reproductive and gastrointestinal systems with insufficient cellular-effector immunity. With intestinal microflora changes (a decline in the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli), there was a substantial preponderance of other representatives of the intestinal microflora in the genital tract. Conclusion. The findings suggest that it is promising to use alternatives for the prevention of severe infectious processes in the urogenital tract of patients with a concurrence of several chronic inflammatory diseases, in particular, a drug that is able to block the mechanism for adhesion of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria and to restore the normal microflora of the urogenital tract.