A retrospective analysis was made in 8 patients who had died from the severe forms of preeclampsia and eclampsia in order to study specific pathomorphological changes in the kidney. A pathomorphological and immunohistochemical study of the kidney was also conducted in these patients to visualize neurospecific enolase (NSE). A comparison group consisted of 3 patients who had died from other causes. In severe preeclampsia and eclampsia, the deceased patients' kidneys displayed an increase in the number of mesangeal cells in the capillary network of the glomeruli and juxtaglomerular complex with a marked response to NSE, as well as total desquamation of the endothelial layer of afferent and efferent vessels, which was indicative of an extreme degree of endotheliosis. The results of the study point to the need for prompt delivery in severe preeclampsia.