Молекулярные механизмы преэклампсии

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В последние годы проведены исследования, указывающие на связь между преэклампсией (ПЭ) и дисбалансом ангиогенных факторов. Этот дисбаланс приводит к нарушению функции эндотелия, в результате чего возникает ПЭ. Преэклампсия связана с нарушением инвазии плацентарного цитотрофобласта и ремоделирования спиральных артерий. Это затрудняет нормальную перфузию плаценты, в ответ организм вырабатывает воспалительные и антиангиогенные факторы, которые в больших количествах присутствуют в материнской крови при ПЭ. Факторы, к которым относятся плацентарный фактор роста (PGF), растворимая fms-подобная тирозинкиназа-1 (sFlt-1) и плацентарный белок 13, считаются частью этого процесса. Они могут повреждать стенки сосудов матери, в некоторых случаях — органы, вызывать эндотелиальную дисфункцию, повышение уровня артериального давления и обусловливать материнскую смертность. Определение уровня плацентарных биомаркеров облегчает своевременное установление диагноза ПЭ и назначение соответствующего лечения. Информация, представленная в данной статье, помогает лучше понять механизмы развития ПЭ, но важно, что это сложное состояние, при развитии которого требуется медицинское вмешательство и наблюдение.

Ключевые слова:

преэклампсия

ангиогенные факторы

плацентарный фактор роста

растворимая fms-подобная тирозинкиназа-1

плацентарный белок 13

Авторы:

Ляшенко Е.Н.

ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского» Минобрнауки России

ORCID: 0000-0002-4350-5020

Саенко Ю.С.

ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского» Минобрнауки России

ORCID: 0000-0002-5304-6112

Дата поступления:

07.09.2023

Дата принятия в печать:

21.01.2024

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