Based on the rich clinical experience (83 patients with postcesarean complications, such as endomyometritis and inconsistent uterine scar) of the Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology over 2006-2011, the authors consider risk factors for pyoseptic complications after cesarean section and the specific features of this disease at the present stage. They describe in detail the clinical, echographic, and hysteroscopic signs of the above postcesarean complications, which must be used for diagnosis. The only treatment modality for these complications is emphasized to be surgery, which is determined by the form of pyoseptic infection and encompasses 3 options: medical and surgical treatment, organ-saving surgical treatment, and radical surgical treatment.