In the recent years, increasingly more and more patients apply to the dentists for aesthetic correction of tooth color. There is a variety of professional methods for the treatment of tooth discoloration including chairside tooth whitening with the use of hydrogen peroxide-based preparations and devices for their activation, such as halogen light sources and diode lasers. The present paper reports the results of the study on the influence of a 38% hydrogen peroxide solution on the dental hard tissues. Scanning electron microscopy has demonstrated that professional tooth bleaching results in the formation of areas with destroyed enamel. The development of these defects can be prevented by the application of calcium and fluoride-containing materials for the restoration of enamel structure and the reduction of diameter of dentinal tubes.