Variability of death rates from respiratory diseases in the regions of the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the three previous years

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OBJECTIVE

To compare regional variability of age-standardized mortality rates (SMRs) from RDs, malignant neoplasms (MNs) of respiratory system and tuberculosis in the Russian Federation for two periods — 2017—2019 (before pandemic) and 2020—2022 (COVID-19 pandemic).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

SMRs for RDs (J00-J99 class ICD-10), MNs, tuberculosis and COVID-19 were separately calculated for 82 regions of the Russian Federation based on the data of Federal State Statistics Service using the European Standard Population. The average regional (M±SD), maximal and minimal SMRs, variation coefficients were calculated. SMRs were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Bonferroni correction. The differences at p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.

RESULTS

The average regional value of SMR from RDs was 37.09±14.84 per 100.000 population in 2017—2019 and 60.52±31.81 per 100.000 population in 2020—2022 (p<0.0001). SMRs from RDs decreased only in 4 regions in the 2nd period. SMRs from MNs and tuberculosis decreased, but their increase was noted in 4 regions. The average regional SMR from the total of all studied diseases in the 2nd period increased from 73.76±23.35 to 210.73±91.80 per 100.000 population due to COVID-19 (118.19±83.74 per 100.000 population) and pneumonias of various etiology (p<0.0001); there was no increase in SMRs from chronic RDs. The interregional variation of SMRs from the analyzed causes was pronounced in both periods, but it was less in the 2nd period than in the 1st one.

CONCLUSION

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average age-standardized death rate from respiratory diseases increased almost 3 times in all regions of the Russian Federation due to respiratory infections — COVID-19 and pneumonias; the dynamics of the studied indicators differed from the average only in a few regions.

Keywords:

respiratory diseases

malignant neoplasms of respiratory system

pandemic

pneumonia

respiratory infections

death

standardized mortality rate

tuberculosis

COVID-19

Authors:

Smirnova M.I.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

ORCID: 0000-0002-6208-3038

Samorodskaya I.V.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

SPIN RSCI: 6470-5709
Scopus AuthorID: 56165905100
ORCID: 0000-0001-9320-1503

Drapkina O.M.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

SPIN RSCI: 4456-1297
Scopus AuthorID: 57208852308
ResearcherID: G-8443-2016
ORCID: 0000-0002-4453-8430

Received:

22.11.2023

Accepted:

18.01.2024

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