Bronchial asthma (BA) refers to diseases that represent an important social and medical problem.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

To study the clinical and epidemiological features and characterize the degree of control of the clinical symptoms of asthma in children living in the Moscow region.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

An epidemiological study of the incidence of BA in children living in the Moscow region for 2020 was carried out on the basis of data from the reporting form of the Federal Statistical Observation No. 12 for the child population. The quality of BA control was assessed in 138 children according to the questionnaire data using the appropriate ACQ-5 questionnaire and the AST test.

RESULTS

In the Moscow region in 2020, 17.757 children with BA were registered (1.2% of the total child population of the region). Boys — 67%, girls — 33%. The average age of children with BA is 11.6±3.9 years. At the age of 10—14 years, there were 39.8% of children, 7—9 years old — 26.9%, 15—17 years old — 23.9%, under 6 years old — 9.4%. Atopic asthma (J45.0) was detected in 80.2% of children, unspecified (J45.9) — in 17.4%, mixed (J45.8) — in 2.1%, non-allergic (J45.1) — in 0.3%. Completely controlled BA was observed in 50.0% of children, of whom 43.5% had mild intermittent BA (stage 1 GINA), 30.4% had mild persistent asthma (stage 2 GINA), 23 had 2% — moderate asthma (3rd stage of GINA), 2.9% — severe asthma (4th and 5th stages according to GINA). Partially controlled asthma was registered in 29.71% of patients, of which 73.2% had moderate asthma, and 26.8% had severe asthma. Uncontrolled BA was detected in 20.30% of children, of which 64.3% had moderate and 35.7% had severe. All children with mild BA showed complete control of the disease. In children with moderate BA, 46.8% had partial control, 28.1% had no control, and 25.1% had complete control. Children with severe BA were more likely to have partial control (47.8%) and uncontrolled asthma (43.5%). In girls, complete control of BA was recorded 1.5 times more often than in boys. A statistically significant relationship was established between the quality of BA control and the number of exacerbations (p<0.05), and in children 12—17 years old — also with age (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

In 2020, 17.757 children with BA were registered in the Moscow region, which amounted to 1.2% of the total child population of the region. Prevailing were adolescents 10—14 years old (40%) and males (67%). Atopic asthma (J45.0) was registered in 80.2% of cases. Complete BA control was noted in 50% of the children surveyed, of whom the majority (74%) were patients with a mild course of the disease, which indicates a good adherence to therapeutic and prophylactic measures and a higher quality of life of these patients. Partial control and its absence were noted only in children with moderate (47 and 28%) and severe (48 and 43%) BA. Children with complete BA control more often noted the absence of exacerbations (44%) or no more than 1—2 exacerbations (38%), with partial control — no more than 1—2 exacerbations (47%) or 3—5 exacerbations per year (26%). in children with uncontrolled asthma, frequent (6 or more per year) asthma attacks prevailed (38%). In girls, the absence of exacerbations and complete control of asthma were recorded statistically significantly more often than in boys, which indicates a higher control of bronchial asthma and the quality of life in females.