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Adamyan L.V.

Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology;
Russian University of Medicine

Menzhinskaya I.V.

National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov

Antonova A.A.

National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov

Pivazyan L.G.

Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

Mailova K.S.

FSBEI HE «RosUniMed» of MOH of Russia

Osipova A.A.

Russian Medical University

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Clinical and Immunological Characteristics. New Biomarkers in Diagnostics

Authors:

Adamyan L.V., Menzhinskaya I.V., Antonova A.A., Pivazyan L.G., Mailova K.S., Osipova A.A.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2025;31(6): 23‑34

DOI: 10.17116/repro20253106123

Read: 791 times

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Table of contents

PREMATURE OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY: CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. NEW BIOMARKERS IN DIAGNOSTICS
PREMATURE OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY: CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. NEW BIOMARKERS IN DIAGNOSTICS

To cite this article:

Adamyan LV, Menzhinskaya IV, Antonova AA, Pivazyan LG, Mailova KS, Osipova AA. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Clinical and Immunological Characteristics. New Biomarkers in Diagnostics. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2025;31(6):23‑34. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/repro20253106123

 
Подписка 2026 Проблемы репродукции (Russian Journal of Human Reproduction)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
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Abstract:

INTRODUCTION

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease characterized by secondary amenorrhea, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and decreased levels of estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone. The etiology of POF involves a complex interaction of genetic, autoimmune (4-30% of cases), iatrogenic, and environmental factors. The autoimmune pathogenesis of POI, associated with the formation of antibodies to steroidogenic enzymes and often combined with autoimmune diseases, requires special attention in the diagnosis and selection of personalized management strategies for patients.

OBJECTIVE

To identify new diagnostic markers of the autoimmune form of premature ovarian insufficiency based on the study of the clinical and immunological characteristics of the disease and the determination of the profile of autoimmune autoantibodies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant human steroidogenic enzymes — 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2), 20.22-desmolase (CYP11A1), and aromatase (CYP19A1) — we examined serum autoantibody (IgM and IgG) profiles in 46 patients with POI (Group 1) and 25 women with normal ovarian function (Group 2). Autoantibody levels were also assessed before and 1—2 months after surgical ovarian activation.

RESULTS

A detailed medical history, hormonal and ultrasound examinations, and surgical treatment aimed at restoring ovarian function were performed on 46 patients with POI. Using new variants of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the profile of autoantibodies to steroidogenic enzymes (CYP21A2, CYP11A1, CYP19A1) was studied in 46 patients with POI (the main group) and 25 women with normal ovarian function (the comparison group). The dynamics of the level of autoantibodies were studied before and 1—2 months after surgical treatment.

CONCLUSION

The study confirms the high diagnostic and prognostic significance of determining antibodies to steroidogenic enzymes (CYP21A2, CYP11A1, CYP19A1) as reliable serological markers of the autoimmune form of POI. The combined use of these biomarkers allows for increased diagnostic accuracy, early identification of risk groups, and the development of personalized approaches to preserving reproductive potential.

Keywords:

premature ovarian insufficiency
autoantibodies to steroidogenic enzymes
enzyme immunoassay
diagnostic value

Authors:

Adamyan L.V.

Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology;
Russian University of Medicine

Menzhinskaya I.V.

National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov

Antonova A.A.

National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov

Pivazyan L.G.

Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology

Mailova K.S.

FSBEI HE «RosUniMed» of MOH of Russia

Osipova A.A.

Russian Medical University

Received:

11.09.2025

Accepted:

04.11.2025

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