An increase in cytokinogenesis with a dynamic balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines is observed throughout pregnancy. Spontaneous abortion and premature birth are accompanied by an inadequate increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, associated with infectious and inflammatory processes, hemostasis disorders, disorganization of the connective tissue in the cervix, and other disorders. Data on the effects of cytokines in normal pregnancy, miscarriage, and the use of cytokine levels as predictive biomarkers of miscarriage are analyzed in the review. The discrepancy between the results of measuring the cytokine levels in the same biological fluids was found. Apparently, these contradictions are a consequence of the heterogeneity of methodologies, the gestational age determined for sampling, the study inclusion criteria, as well as the variability of measurement methods. The optimal biological material for analysis is probably vaginal fluid, which can be obtained in a minimally invasive way. Measurement of the cytokine level is available using immunochemical methods and laboratory equipment of medical organizations. The authors conclude that the assessment of cytokine patterns is promising for the timely diagnosis and prevention of miscarriage, however, further studies are needed for evidence-based conclusions about the most informative combinations of cytokines and monitoring periods.