The role of immuno-inflammatory factors in the development of negative symptoms in schizophrenia

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The literature review assessed the data obtained over the past 10 years on the relationship between inflammatory markers and the severity of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. A systematic search of the PubMed, Mendeley, and eLibrary databases was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Of the 407 publications found, 7 studies were selected by keywords that quantitatively assessed the relationship between the concentration of inflammatory markers and the severity of negative disorders in schizophrenia. Three publications reported statistically significant positive correlations between the level of tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and the scores of the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), two studies showed moderate correlations and weak correlations were reported in two publications. Two studies recorded reliable moderate and weak associations of negative symptoms with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10. A relationship was found between negative symptoms and the concentration of C-reactive protein, autoantibodies to neurotrophin S100b and myelin basic protein (MBP). In addition, immune-inflammatory indices of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), which generally reflect the direction of the inflammatory response, were associated with the severity of negative disorders. The analyzed studies provided convincing data on the presence of reliable relationships between a number of cytokines and the severity of negative symptoms, which confirms previously published literature data on the pathogenetic role of neuroinflammation in the formation of negative symptoms.

Keywords:

schizophrenia

negative symptoms

neuroinflammation

cytokines

biomarkers

systematic review

Authors:

Moritz A.A.

Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology

ORCID: 0000-0002-5786-5078

Terebova P.S.

Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology

ORCID: 0009-0006-7097-6449

Ivanov M.V.

Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology

ORCID: 0000-0001-7829-2486

Received:

19.06.2024

Accepted:

31.07.2024

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