Infertility has grown into one of the major challenges to human development. Advancement of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) can greatly contribute to addressing this challenge, and this already happens in those countries which cover medical expenses of diagnostics and treatment of infertility. We argue that expenses of ART should be included in medical insurance packages as high costs of ART can be prohibitive and cause severe psychological trauma to individuals diagnosed with infertility. The article offers a comparative analysis of insurance plans in various countries. It surveys state demographic policies and legislation on ART. It assesses the availability of medical insurance for different population groups with the view to determine any discrimination with regard to age, gender, sexuality, occupation, family status, and previous IVF cycles of patients. The article analyzes the coverage limits — the overall costs covered by and/or procedures included in medical package. It also discusses the influence of religious beliefs on ART in general and consequently on medical insurance plans for infertility. Russia, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and the EU have adopted full or partial coverage of medical insurance for ART. Many developing countries, while providing some coverage of ART expenses, have only recently embarked on designing legislative frameworks for medical insurance of ART. China, while imposing limits on the number of births, adopted certain medical insurance coverage for ART and maintains strict state control over all its aspects. Thus, despite the current diversity of approaches to ART and ART medical insurance, there becomes more and more visible a global tendency of adopting legislation that makes ART medical insurance and full coverage for infertility treatment obligatory.