Objective — the aim of the study was to determine the role of VEGF-A gene polymorphism C2578A, C936E in the development of preeclampsia using clinical and anamnestic risk factors for complicated pregnancy and morphological features of the placenta. Materials and method. 197 patients were included in the study, of which 97 were pregnant with preeclampsia and 100 with a physiologically occurring gestational period. All pregnant women were examined by PCR genotyping for carriage of allelic polymorphism of the regulatory regions of the VEGF-A gene with a predisposition to the development of preeclampsia. For statistical processing of the results, methods of binary and multifactor mathematical statistics, immunohistochemical study of placental tissues were used. Results. In this work, the relationships of the polymorphism of the regulatory regions –C2578A, +C936T of the VEGF-A gene with the development of preeclampsia are studied, which are of interest both in terms of deciphering the structure of the hereditary predisposition to preeclampsia and in terms of developing preventive strategies. In pregnant women with preeclampsia, an immunohistochemical study of their placenta showed moderate and pronounced fibrin deposition in the areas of villi necrosis and was combined with small focal petrificates in the necrotic areas of trophoblastic epithelium. Hyperplasia of terminal villi was revealed, capillaries showed in them, and it was possible to evaluate adaptive processes. Conclusions. Histological examination of placental tissue revealed a change in the structure of the placenta, indicating placental hypoxia during preeclampsia, due to a decrease in the morphometric parameters of the villi in contrast to the control level, which indicates a decrease in compensatory-adaptive processes.