Atopic dermatitis (AtD) and microbial eczema (ME) have similar clinical parameters, which complicated differential diagnosis. Thus, hand eczema may be the primary manifestation of AtD and international literature often describes various forms of eczema as manifestations of AtD. ME usually occurs in infancy as opposed to AtD, which typically develops in older age. Itching is the determining symptom of AtD, while its role is less significant in ME. Exacerbation of AtD is accompanied by multiple vesicles, which are often associated with secondary infectious complications. In the case of AtD, lesions are mostly located at the flexor surface of the elbow and knee joints. However, lesions can also be located at various sites, similarly to ME. We followed a 6-year-old patient with a year-old ME, who had rash on the skin of the lower extremities (resulting from alimentary mistake). The disease has become chronic despite outpatient treatment. In another patient (11 years old), the pathological process involved extensive erythematous-squamous skin areas; lesions sized a few centimeters in diameter were covered with serous-hemorrhagic crusts, papules, vesicles, and excoriations. Both patients were treated at the day hospital. Therapy included prednisone (30 mg/day No. 4 with gradual decrease up to complete withdrawal), calcium gluconate, phencarol, chloropyramine, ceftriaxone. Methylene blue, 3% Dorogov antiseptic-stimulatory paste, naphthalan paste, and betamethasone were used as a topical treatment; physiotherapy was prescribed, including narrow-band light therapy No. 10 and ultraphonophoresis with hydrocortisone No. 5. Patients were discharged with improvement and significant improvement. These two cases of microbial eczema demonstrated rapid therapeutic results (8 and 13 days at the hospital) due to adequate treatment. It is important to maintain high level of patient management during follow-up.