In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation №162 of 24.04.03 «On Approval of the Industry Standard «The Protocol of Patient Management. Scabies», dermatoscopy is one of the main methods for diagnosing the disease. French specialists found that the sensitivity and specificity of dermatoscopy were 91 and 86%, respectively, and those of standard microscopy were 90 and 100%, respectively. Dermatoscopy enables identification of the mite directly in the skin, with the possibility to store an image in the digital format (photo and video dermatoscopy). This technique is suitable for examination of any skin area. Objective. The objective of the publication is to evaluate importance of dermatoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of scabies. Material and methods. We monitored the Order №162 to study practical application and a diagnostic significance of dermatoscopy in Russia. The study involved 319 dermatovenereologists living in 50 cities of six federal districts (FDs) of the Russian Federation (RF). We described four clinical cases to demonstrate the diagnostic significance of dermatoscopy in scabies. Results. In the Russian Federation, the clinical diagnosis of scabies made with one of the laboratory tests was always confirmed by only 1/3 (36.5%) of respondents, and only 21.1% of specialists used dermatoscopy. We found that dermatoscopy detected 27% more burrows compared to those identified with the naked eye. The diagnostic significance of the technique increased in cases of reactive itchy burrows associated with vesicles (36.4%) and pustules (66.1%). We used four clinical cases to assess errors made by doctors during the diagnosis and treatment of scabies. We emphasize the efficacy of combined topical steroids, a betamethasone dipropionate cream containing gentamycin sulfate and clotrimazole (Akriderm GK) and a methylprednisolone aceponate cream containing urea (Komfoderm M2), for treatment of scabies complicated by secondary pyoderma and microbial eczema, scabious lymphoplasia of the skin, and scabies associated with atopic dermatitis. Conclusion. Treatment of complications of scabies should be performed simultaneously with treatment of an underlying disease. Treatment of complications of scabies and scabious lymphoplasia of the skin should comply with provisions of the «Federal Clinical Guidelines for Management of Scabies Patients» (2015).