Atopic dermatitis is one of the most topical problems of modern medicine. Its prevalence may be caused by the climatic and ethnic features of the gene pool of the population of different regions. Objective. The study objective was to evaluate the pathogenetic significance of genotypic variants of the 308G>A polymorphism of the tumor-α necrosis factor gene (TNF-α; rs1800629) in developing atopic dermatitis (AtD) in patients living in Uzbekistan. Material and methods. DNA samples from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 30 AD patients aged 4 to 50 years and 35 healthy donors were analyzed using a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (USA). Genotyping of the 308G>A polymorphism of the TNF-α gene was carried using a standard polymerase chain reaction on CG1-96 Corbett Research (Australia) and 2720 Applied Biosystems (USA) programmable thermal cyclers using MedLab (Russia) test systems and Oligo v.6.31 software («Molecular Biology Insights Inc.», USA). Results. An increase in the fraction of heterozygous A/G genotype carriers due to a reduction in the amount of the homozygous G/G genotype (63.3 vs 36.7%) was observed in AtD patients. In this case, the observed heterozygosity level (H0=0.63) was higher than the theoretically expected value (He=0.43). Statistically significant deviations of genotype frequencies from the Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (χ2=6.4; p=0.011) indicate a predisposition to the disease or a gene distribution peculiarity. Carriage of the functionally negative allele A of the 308G>A polymorphism of the TNF-α gene reliably increases the risk of developing AtD by a factor of 10.3. An increase in the frequency of the functionally negative heterozygous genotype 308*A/G (63.3% compared to 8.6% in the control group) in AtD patients reliably increases the risk of developing AtD by a factor of 18.4. Conclusion. The presence of the heterozygous 308A/G genotype increases the risk of developing AtD. This polymorphism can serve a genetic marker for increased risk of AtD.