Morphological analysis of biomaterials obtained through micronization of adipose tissue

Eremin I.I.; Deev R.V.; Vasiliev V.S.; Briko A.N.; Areshidze D.A.; Kozlova M.A.; Tikhomirov A.N.; Chibizov P.E.; Kotenko K.V.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202511238

Eremin I.I.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

ORCID: 0000-0002-4336-8986

Deev R.V.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

SPIN RSCI: 2957-1687
Scopus AuthorID: 6506120085
ResearcherID: L-1658-2015
ORCID: 0000-0001-8389-3841

Vasiliev V.S.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

ORCID: 0000-0002-2220-9695

Briko A.N.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery;
Bauman Moscow State Technical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-7284-5649

Areshidze D.A.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

ORCID: 0000-0003-3006-6281

Kozlova M.A.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

ORCID: 0000-0001-6251-2560

Tikhomirov A.N.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery;
Bauman Moscow State Technical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-5989-9044

Chibizov P.E.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery;
Bauman Moscow State Technical University

ORCID: 0009-0003-9379-0629

Kotenko K.V.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

SPIN RSCI: 5993-3323
ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5574

Morphological analysis of biomaterials obtained through micronization of adipose tissue

Authors:

Eremin I.I., Deev R.V., Vasiliev V.S., Briko A.N., Areshidze D.A., Kozlova M.A., Tikhomirov A.N., Chibizov P.E., Kotenko K.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2025;(11‑2): 38‑45

DOI: 10.17116/hirurgia202511238

Read: 359 times

Contact the author

Table of contents

To cite this article:

Eremin II, Deev RV, Vasiliev VS, et al. . Morphological analysis of biomaterials obtained through micronization of adipose tissue. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2025;(11‑2):38‑45. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia202511238

Подписка 2026 Хирургия. Журнал им. Н.И. Пирогова (Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery)

Использование инфографики авторами научных работ

OBJECTIVE

To compare morphology of three autologous fat tissue fractions (milli-, micro-, and nanofat) obtained through mechanical micronization.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Human adipose tissue harvested during aesthetic liposuction was fixed in glutaraldehyde and examined using light and transmission electron microscopy.

RESULTS

Millifat preserved intact adipocytes, vascular structures, and extracellular matrix. Microfat showed partial tissue disintegration with increased number of vesicular elements. Nanofat is an amorphous emulsion devoid of cells but containing matrix and membrane fragments. Median particle sizes were 1.3 [0.8—1.7], 1.1 [0.8—1.4], and 0.4 [0.3—1.5] mm, respectively. There was a clear morphological gradient reflecting transition from preserved tissue to fragmented components. Micronization degree determines biological properties of the graft: millifat serves mainly as a volumetric filler, microfat combines volumetric and regenerative effects, nanofat demonstrates biomodulatory activity.

CONCLUSION

These findings provide a morphological basis for standardized fat processing methods and development of automated devices for fat transferring. This is of practical significance in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Keywords:

adipose tissue

micronization

millifat

microfat

nanofat

morphology

fat transferring

regenerative medicine

Authors:

Eremin I.I.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

ORCID: 0000-0002-4336-8986

Deev R.V.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

SPIN RSCI: 2957-1687
Scopus AuthorID: 6506120085
ResearcherID: L-1658-2015
ORCID: 0000-0001-8389-3841

Vasiliev V.S.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

ORCID: 0000-0002-2220-9695

Briko A.N.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery;
Bauman Moscow State Technical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-7284-5649

Areshidze D.A.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

ORCID: 0000-0003-3006-6281

Kozlova M.A.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

ORCID: 0000-0001-6251-2560

Tikhomirov A.N.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery;
Bauman Moscow State Technical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-5989-9044

Chibizov P.E.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery;
Bauman Moscow State Technical University

ORCID: 0009-0003-9379-0629

Kotenko K.V.

Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery

SPIN RSCI: 5993-3323
ORCID: 0000-0002-6147-5574

Received:

14.07.2025

Accepted:

10.08.2025

Close metadata

References:

Simonacci F, Bertozzi N, Grieco MP, Grignaffini E, Raposio E. Procedure, applications, and outcomes of autologous fat grafting. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2017;20:49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2017.06.059
Coleman SR. Structural fat grafting: more than a permanent filler. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2006;118(3):108S-120S. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000234610.81672.e7
Cohen SR, Tiryaki T, Womack HA, Canikyan S, Schlaudraff KU, Scheflan M. Cellular Optimization of Nanofat: Comparison of Two Nanofat Processing Devices in Terms of Cell Count and Viability. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. Open Forum. 2019;1(4):ojz028. https://doi.org/10.1093/asjof/ojz028
Ding P, Lu E, Li G, Sun Y, Yang W, Zhao Z. Research Progress on Preparation, Mechanism, and Clinical Application of Nanofat. Journal of Burn Care and Research. 2022;43(5):1140-1144. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab250
Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Peeters G, Hamdi M, Cornelissen M, Declercq H. Nanofat grafting: basic research and clinical applications. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2013;132(4):1017-1026. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829fe1b0
Vasilyev VS, Borovikova AA, Vasilyev SA, Khramtsova NI, Plaksin SA, Kamyshinsky RA, Presnyakov MY, Eremin II. Features and Biological Properties of Different Adipose Tissue Based Products. Milli-, Micro-, Emulsified (Nano-) Fat, SVF, and AD-Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In: Kalaaji A, eds. Plastic and Aesthetic Regenerative Surgery and Fat Grafting. Springer, Cham; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77455-4_8
Grünherz L, Kollarik S, Sanchez-Macedo N, McLuckie M, Lindenblatt N. Lipidomic Analysis of Microfat and Nanofat Reveals Different Lipid Mediator Compositions. Plastic and Reconstructive surgery. 2024;154(5):895e-905e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000011335
Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Sharma S, Ganta C, Ranjan R, Jha SK. Nanofat: A therapeutic paradigm in regenerative medicine. World Journal of Stem Cells. 2021;13(11):1733-1746. https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1733
Tran VVT, Jin X, Hong KY, Chang H. Effects of Nanofat in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Review. Plastic and Reconstructive surgery. 2024;154(3):451e-464e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000010905
La Padula S, Ponzo M, Lombardi M, Iazzetta V, Errico C, Polverino G, Russo F, D’Andrea L, Hersant B, Meningaud JP, Salzano G, Pensato R. Nanofat in Plastic Reconstructive, Regenerative, and Aesthetic Surgery: A Review of Advancements in Face-Focused Applications. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023;12(13):4351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134351
Cushman SW. Structure-function relationships in the adipose cell. I. Ultrastructure of the isolated adipose cell. The Journal of Cell Biology. 1970;46(2):326-341. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.46.2.326
Giordano A, Murano I, Mondini E, Perugini J, Smorlesi A, Severi I, Barazzoni R, Scherer PE, Cinti S. Obese adipocytes show ultrastructural features of stressed cells and die of pyroptosis. Journal of Lipid Research. 2013;54(9):2423-36. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M038638
Miroshnikova VV, Dracheva KV, Kamyshinsky RA, Yastremsky EV, Garaeva LA, Pobozheva IA, Landa SB, Anisimova KA, Balandov SG, Hamid ZM, Vasilevsky DI, Pchelina SN, Konevega AL, Shtam TA. Cryo-electron microscopy of adipose tissue extracellular vesicles in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One. 2023;18(2):e0279652. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279652
Eremin II, Vasiliev VS, Tikhomirov AN, Chibizov PE, Briko AN, Kotenko KV. Experimental substantiation of medical device design for mechanical processing of adipose tissue. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(12-2):101-108. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia2024122101
Briko AN, Kobelev AV, Dmitriev AN, Tikhomirov AN, Shchukin SI, Kotenko KV, Eremin II. Laboratory bench for studying parameters of mechanical isolation of stromal-vascular cell fraction. Biomedical Radioelectronics. 2023;26(5):102-113. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18127/j15604136-202305-11
Vasilyev VS, Korchazhkina NB, Mikhailova AA, Nadelyaeva II, Vasiliev SA, Vasilyev IS, Vasilyev YuS, Teryushkova ZhI, Kazantsev IB, Vasileva ES, Kotenko KV. Modern technologies of regenerative rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with abnormal scars. Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2021;(6-2):7-14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia20210627
Korchazhkina NB, Mikhailova AA, Badimova AV, Reshetova IV, Dymova OV, Eremin II, Kotenko KV. Methods and markers of prenosological diagnosis and monitoring of individual health and maintenance of active longevity. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2023;100(5-2):20-21. (In Russ.).
Kotenko KV, Mikhailova AA, Badimova AV, Reshetova IV, Dymova OV, Eremin II, Korchazhkina NB. Determination of prognostically significant markers of prenosological detection of predictors of obesity and metabolic disorders. Problems of Balneology, Physiotherapy and Exercise Therapy. 2023;100(5-2):21. (In Russ.).