Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common disease that has a serious consequence for patients, such as pulmonary embolism. Over the past decade, numerous studies have been conducted to find reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prediction of DVT. MiRNAs are endogenously expressed RNA molecules 18—22 nucleotides in length that suppress gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3’UTR) of mRNA-targets. MicroRNAs are involved into almost all biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. It is known that miRNAs have an essential role in cardiovascular including disorders of hemostasis. There is evidence that miRNAs are secreted from cells in human biological fluids in passive and active fashions. These miRNAs are called circulating. Changes in expression profile of certain circulating miRNAs reflect physiological or pathological cellular state in which miRNAs are modified and secreted into human biological fluids, such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, etc. Circulating miRNAs may be detected in various forms (enclosed in exosomes or associated with Ago2 proteins). Thanks to these forms of transport, circulating miRNAs are stable and protected from degradation by RNase. Therefore, circulating miRNAs are considered as new potential biomarkers of interest in many diseases, including DVT. This work is aimed at studying current knowledge about the potential use of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of DVT, as well as the role of endogenous miRNAs in impaired hemostasis.