Aim — the objective of the present work was to study the inflammatory process in the rat tissues after ligation of the femoral vein and the administration of autologic multi-potent mesenchymal stromal cells of the bone marrow origin (MMSC). Material and methods. The inflammatory process developing after ligation of the femoral vein in 224 male rats of the Wag line was studied by light microscopy following an autologic MMSC injection. Results. Diffuse leukocyte infiltration of the tissues with the predominance of lymphocytes and macrophages in the animal model of acute local blockade of the main vein, is most possibly caused by surgical intervention. Nonetheless, we found a significant amount of absorbable suture material used for ligation in the femoral vein even 5 weeks after the intervention. The multifilamentous sutural fragments have been encapsulated. Smaller parts of the fibers have been also surrounded by the connective tissue with a large number of macrophages including gigantic multi-nuclear forms with fused cytoplasm. Phagocytes together with fibroblasts encloed separate filaments of the thread, alienating them from each other, thus dividing the multi-filamentous thread. The presence of the slowly absorbed sutural material in the tissues after the interventions on the vessels seems to be the main reason for the development of long-standing aseptic granulomatous inflammation. On the 3rd week after the administration of MMSC, the number of leukocytes in the tissues under conditions of a femoral venous blockade normalized, while in the absence of MMSC the amount of leukocytes in the tissue returned to the normalized level on only by the fourth week. Moreover, the application of MMSC led to the 3.6-fold reduction of tissue infiltration by leukocytes in 2 weeks and the 4.8-fold reduction in numerical density of neutrophils. Conclusion. The attenuation of the inflammatory process after vein ligation is attributable to the immuomodulatory action of the injected autologic multi-potent mesenchymal stromal cells of the bone marrow origin.