This work is based on the results of examination and treatment of 100 pregnant women with deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities of whom 15 presented with clinical signs of pulmonary embolism. 19 patients were in the first, 18 second and 63 third trimester of pregnancy. Different strategies of their treatment were analysed. Immediate and late results of plication of inferior vena cava are described along with outcomes of vena cava filter implantation and thrombectomy performed at different stages of pregnancy. Effects of antithrombotic therapy following surgery and in its absence are considered. The development of pregnancy in the late postoperative period is described in women given long-term anticoagulation therapy for the prevention of relapse of venous thrombosis. Plication of inferior vena cava is shown to have advantages over other approaches for the prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism in pregnant women. An algorithm is proposed for the choice of diagnostic and treatment strategies depending on gestational age for patients with and without the thrombus in the femoropopliteal and iliocaval segments that is likely to detach and become an embolus.