Микробиом человека: возрастные изменения и функции

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Цель исследования — рассмотреть основные возрастные изменения микробиома и его важнейшие функции. Основные положения. Интерес к микробиому человека вырос за последние десятилетия благодаря развитию новых методов диагностики, таких как секвенирование 16S рибосомальной РНК, полногеномное секвенирование, хроматоспектрометрия и др. Данные методы за короткий срок позволили значительно расширить понимание роли кишечной микробиоты и ее уникальных метаболитов в регуляции различных физиологических функций макроорганизма, включая обеспечение колонизационной резистентности слизистых оболочек, метаболизм, развитие и гомеостаз иммунной и нервной систем. Заключение. Несмотря на большое количество имеющихся данных о микробиоме, понимание его функции в организме человека еще далеко от совершенства, что обусловливает необходимость дальнейших исследований.

Ключевые слова:

микробиота

микробиом

трансплантация фекальной микробиоты

пробиотики

Авторы:

Кайбышева В.О.

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова», Москва, Россия; ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №31», Москва, Россия

Жарова М.Е.

ФГБУО ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия; ГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента Департамента здравоохранения Москвы», Москва, Россия

Филимендикова К.Ю.

ФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Ярославль, Россия

Никонов Е.Л.

ФГБУ "Поликлиника №1" Управления делами Президента РФ

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