The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 101-59-87
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Danilova N.V.

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Oleynikova N.A.

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Polushkina T.V.

Lomonosov Moscow State University

2019 WHO classification of gastric epithelial tumors, 5th edition

Authors:

Danilova N.V., Oleynikova N.A., Polushkina T.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2020;82(4): 58‑69

DOI: 10.17116/patol20208204158

Views: 37005

Downloaded: 1373

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

To cite this article:

Danilova NV, Oleynikova NA, Polushkina TV. 2019 WHO classification of gastric epithelial tumors, 5th edition. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2020;82(4):58‑69. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20208204158

Подписка 2025 (Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology)
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Expe­rience of prolonged palliative treatment in a patient with signet ring cell gastric cancer with peri­toneal recu­rrence and meta­stases to the ovaries after prior gastrectomy. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2024;(1):44-48
Fluorescence navi­gation and angiography with indo­cyanine green in stomach cancer surgery. Piro­gov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(2-2):34-41
Complicated gastric cancer and modern treatment approaches. Piro­gov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(4):125-140
Morphological and mole­cular gene­tic features of gastric cancer. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2024;(3):79-84
Resu­lts of using endo­scopic stenting of the gastric outlet and duodenum with metal self-expanding stents. Endo­scopic Surgery. 2024;(3):11-20
Double-tract reco­nstruction after gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Piro­gov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(6):58-69
The impact of endo­scopy in upper gastrointestinal tract cancer screening programs. Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology. 2024;(2):79-88
Conversion surgery for gastric cancer with limi­ted peri­toneal carcinomatosis. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2024;(4):5-10
The role of the Kyoto classification in the endo­scopic diagnosis of gastritis asso­ciated with Heli­cobacter pylori infe­ction. Endo­scopic Surgery. 2024;(4):65-72
A clinical case of successful treatment of stage IV gastric cancer. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2024;(5):54-58

The WHO classification of gastric epithelial neoplasms of 2019 is partially changed compared to the previous (2010) edition: new histological subtypes of dysplasia (serrated dysplasia, gastric pit/crypt dysplasia) have been introduced, the classification structure of benign neoplasms has changed (the term “adenomatous polyp” is reintroduced and represents a group of benign tumors, previously referred to as adenomas of gastric type), the section of malignant epithelial tumors expanded due to parietal cell carcinoma, micropapillary and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, Paneth cell carcinoma. Risk factors for gastric cancer are divided into two groups depending on the level of evidence of their involvement in carcinogenesis. The most significant risk factors are Helicobacter pylori infection, rubber manufacturing industry, tobacco smoking, X-ray and gamma radiation. The approaches to the grading of gastric carcinomas have been changed. Grading is preferably performed using a two-tiered system (low grade/high grade). Changes also affected the staging of gastric cancer. The section on neuroendocrine tumors has not undergone significant changes. In general, the new WHO classification contains more detailed data for each of the sections, however, it is not intuitive. The points in the classification table do not correspond to the names of sections in the text, which makes it difficult to understand the structure and search for the necessary section.

Keywords:

WHO classification
gastric dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia
gastric carcinoma
adenomatous polyp
intestinal-type gastric adenoma
staging of gastric cancer
grading of gastric carcinomas
gastric cancer molecular classification

Authors:

Danilova N.V.

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Oleynikova N.A.

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Polushkina T.V.

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Received:

10.02.2020

Accepted:

20.04.2020

List of references:

  1. The WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Digestive system tumours. WHO classification of tumours vol. 1. 5th ed. Lyon, France: IARC; 2019.
  2. Rugge M, Genta RM. Staging gastritis: an international proposal. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(5):1807-1808. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.056
  3. Rugge M, Genta RM. Staging and grading of chronic gastritis. Hum Pathol. 2005;36(3):228-233.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2004.12.008
  4. Rugge M, Meggio A, Pravadelli C, Barbareschi M, Fassan M, Gentilini M, Zorzi M, Pretis G, Graham, DY, Genta RM. Gastritis staging in the endoscopic follow-up for the secondary prevention of gastric cancer: a 5-year prospective study of 1755 patients. Gut. 2019;68(1):11-17.  https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314600
  5. Valente P, Garrido M, Gullo I, Baldaia H, Marques M, Baldaque-Silva F, Lopes J, Carneiro F. Epithelial dysplasia of the stomach with gastric immunophenotype shows features of biological aggressiveness. Gastric Cancer. 2015;18(4):720-728.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-014-0416-5
  6. Rugge M, Correa P, Dixon MF, Hattori T, Leandro G. Lewin K, Riddell RH, Sipponen P, Watanabe H. Gastric dysplasia: the Padova international classification. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(2):167-176.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200002000-00001
  7. Schlemper RJ, Riddell RH, Kato Y, Borchard F, Cooper HS, Dawsey SM., Dixon MF, Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Flejou JF, Geboes K, et al. The Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia. Gut. 2000;47(2):251-255.  https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.47.2.251
  8. Park DY, Srivastava A, Kim GH, Mino-Kenudson M, Deshpande V, Zukerberg LR, Song GA, Lauwers GY. CDX2 expression in the intestinal-type gastric epithelial neoplasia: frequency and significance. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(1):54-61.  https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2009.135
  9. Agoston AT, Odze RD. Evidence that gastric pit dysplasia-like atypia is a neoplastic precursor lesion. Hum Pathol. 2014;45(3):446-455.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.032
  10. Kwon MJ, Min BH, Lee SM, Park HY, Kang SY, Ha SY, Lee JH, Kim JJ, Park CK, Kim KM. Serrated adenoma of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of nine cases. Histol Histopathol. 2013;28(4):453-462. 
  11. Abraham SC, Park SJ, Lee JH, Mugartegui L, Wu TT. Genetic alterations in gastric adenomas of intestinal and foveolar phenotypes. Mod Pathol. 2003;16(8):786-795.  https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mp.0000080349.37658.5e
  12. Abraham SC, Montgomery EA, Singh VK, Yardley JH, Wu TT. Gastric adenomas: intestinal-type and gastric-type adenomas differ in the risk of adenocarcinoma and presence of background mucosal pathology. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26(10):1276-1285. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200210000-00004
  13. Wood LD, Salaria SN, Cruise MW, Giardiello FM, Montgomery EA. Upper GI tract lesions in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): enrichment of pyloric gland adenomas and other gastric and duodenal neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38(3):389-393.  https://doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000000146
  14. Vieth M, Kushima R, Borchard F, Stolte M. Pyloric gland adenoma: a clinico-pathological analysis of 90 cases. Virchows Arch. 2003;442(4):317-321.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-002-0750-6
  15. Choi WT, Brown I, Ushiku T, Yozu M, Setia N, Srivastava A, Johncilla M, Pai RK, Gill RM, Fukayama M, Misdraji J, Lauwers GY. Gastric pyloric gland adenoma: a multicentre clinicopathological study of 67 cases. Histopathology. 2018;72(6):1007-1014. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13460
  16. Ueyama H, Yao T, Nakashima Y, Hirakawa K, Oshiro Y, Hirahashi M, Iwashita A, Watanabe S. Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (chief cell predominant type): proposal for a new entity of gastric adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(5):609-619.  https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181d94d53
  17. Chan K, Brown IS, Kyle T, Lauwers GY, Kumarasinghe MP. Chief cell-predominant gastric polyps: a series of 12 cases with literature review. Histopathology. 2016;68(6):825-833.  https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12859
  18. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424.  https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
  19. Balakrishnan M, George R, Sharma A, Graham DY. Changing trends in stomach cancer throughout the world. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2017;19(8):36.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-017-0575-8
  20. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 2004;83:1431-1438.
  21. Agents classified by the IARC Monographs, in IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans. Lyon, France: IARC; 2018.
  22. Lin Y, Ueda J, Kikuchi S, Totsuka Y, Wei WQ, Qiao YL, Inoue M. Comparative epidemiology of gastric cancer between Japan and China. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(39):4421-4428. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v17.i39.4421
  23. Naseem M, Barzi A, Brezden-Masley C, Puccini A, Berger MD, Tokunaga R, Battaglin F, Soni S, McSkane M, Zhang W, Lenz HJ. Outlooks on Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018;66:15-22.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.03.006
  24. Rugge M, Genta RM, Di Mario F, El-Omar EM, El-Serag HB, Fassan M, Hunt RH, Kuipers EJ, Malfertheiner P, Sugano K, Graham DY. Gastric cancer as preventable disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(12):1833-1843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2017.05.023
  25. Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nature. 2014; 513(7517):202-209.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13480
  26. Ahn S, Lee SJ, Kim Y, Kim A, Shin N, Choi KU, Lee CH, Huh GY, Kim KM, Setia N, Lauwers GY, Park DY. High-throughput protein and mRNA expression-based classification of gastric cancers can identify clinically distinct subtypes, concordant with recent molecular classifications. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41(1):106-115.  https://doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000000756
  27. Gonzalez RS, Messing S, Tu X, McMahon LA, Whitney-Miller CL. Immunohistochemistry as a surrogate for molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol. 2016;56:16-21.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2016.06.003
  28. Setia N, Agoston AT, Han HS, Mullen JT, Duda DG, Clark JW, Deshpande V, Mino-Kenudson M, Srivastava A, Lennerz JK, Hong TS, Kwak EL, Lauwers GY. A protein and mRNA expression-based classification of gastric cancer. Mod Pathol. 2016;29(7):772-784.  https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2016.55
  29. Guinney J, Dienstmann R, Wang X, de Reynies A, Schlicker A, Soneson C, Marisa L, Roepman P, Nyamundanda G, Angelino P, et al. The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Nat Med. 2015;21(11):1350-1356. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3967
  30. Cristescu R, Lee J, Nebozhyn M, Kim KM, Ting JC, Wong SS, Liu J, Yue YG. Molecular analysis of gastric cancer identifies subtypes associated with distinct clinical outcomes. Nat Med. 2015; 21(5):449-456.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3850
  31. Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma. 15th ed. Tokyo, Japan: Kanehara Shuppan; 2017.
  32. Nakamura K, Sugano H, Takagi, K. Carcinoma of the stomach in incipient phase: its histogenesis and histological appearances. Gan. 1968;59(3):251-258. 
  33. Lauren P. The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: Diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. An attempt at a histo-clinical classification. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1965;64:31-49. 
  34. Arai T, Sakurai U, Sawabe M, Honma N, Aida J, Ushio Y, Kanazawa N, Kuroiwa K, Takubo K. Frequent microsatellite instability in papillary and solid-type, poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the stomach. Gastric Cancer. 2013;16(4):505-512.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-012-0226-6
  35. Adachi Y, Yasuda K, Inomata M, Sato K, Shiraishi N, Kitano S. Pathology and prognosis of gastric carcinoma: well versus poorly differentiated type. Cancer. 2000;89(7):1418-1424.
  36. Yamada T, Yoshikawa T, Taguri M, Hayashi T, Aoyama T, Sue-Ling, HM, Bonam K, Hayden JD, Grabsch HI. The survival difference between gastric cancer patients from the UK and Japan remains after weighted propensity score analysis considering all background factors. Gastric Cancer. 2016;19(2):479-489.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-015-0480-5
  37. Smyth EC, Fassan M, Cunningham D, Allum WH, Okines AF, Lampis A, Hahne JC, Rugge M, Peckitt C, Nankivell M, et al. Effect of pathologic tumor response and nodal status on survival in the medical research council adjuvant gastric infusional chemotherapy trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(23):2721-2727. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.65.7692
  38. Kawazoe A, Kuwata T, Kuboki Y, Shitara K, Nagatsuma AK, Aizawa M, Yoshino T, Doi T, Ohtsu A, Ochiai A. Clinicopathological features of programmed death ligand 1 expression with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, mismatch repair, and Epstein-Barr virus status in a large cohort of gastric cancer patients. Gastric Cancer. 2017;20(3):407-415.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-016-0631-3
  39. Marrelli D, Polom K, de Manzoni G, Morgagni P, Baiocchi GL, Roviello F. Multimodal treatment of gastric cancer in the west: Where are we going? World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(26):7954-7969. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.7954
  40. Grabsch H, Sivakumar S, Gray S, Gabbert HE, Muller W. HER2 expression in gastric cancer: Rare, heterogeneous and of no prognostic value — conclusions from 924 cases of two independent series. Cell Oncol. 2010;32(1-2):57-65.  https://doi.org/10.3233/clo-2009-0497
  41. Rokutan H, Hosoda F, Hama N, Nakamura H, Totoki Y, Furukawa E, Arakawa E, Ohashi S, Urushidate T, et al. Comprehensive mutation profiling of mucinous gastric carcinoma. J Pathol. 2016;240(2):137-148.  https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4761
  42. Zheng HC, Li XH, Hara T, Masuda S, Yang XH, Guan YF, Takano Y. Mixed-type gastric carcinomas exhibit more aggressive features and indicate the histogenesis of carcinomas. Virchows Arch. 2008;452(5):525-534.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-007-0572-7
  43. Machado JC, Soares P, Carneiro F, Rocha A, Beck S, Blin N, Berx G, Sobrinho-Simoes M. E-cadherin gene mutations provide a genetic basis for the phenotypic divergence of mixed gastric carcinomas. Lab Invest. 1999;79(4):459-465. 
  44. Hissong E, Ramrattan G, Zhang P, Zhou XK, Young G, Klimstra DS, Shia J, Fernandes H, Yantiss RK. Gastric Carcinomas With Lymphoid Stroma: An Evaluation of the Histopathologic and Molecular Features. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018;42(4):453-462.  https://doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000001018
  45. Gullo I, Oliveira P, Athelogou M, Goncalves G, Pinto ML, Carvalho J, Valente A, Pinheiro H, Andrade S, Almeida GM, et al. New insights into the inflamed tumor immune microenvironment of gastric cancer with lymphoid stroma: from morphology and digital analysis to gene expression. Gastric Cancer. 2019;22(1):77-90.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-018-0836-8
  46. Abe H, Saito R, Ichimura T, Iwasaki A, Yamazawa S, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Morikawa T, Ushiku T, Yamashita H, Seto Y, Fukayama M. CD47 expression in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: coexistence with tumor immunity lowering the ratio of CD8(+)/Foxp3(+) T cells. Virchows Arch. 2018;472(4):643-651.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-018-2332-2
  47. Ushiku T, Shinozaki A, Shibahara J, Iwasaki Y, Tateishi Y, Funata N, Fukayama M. SALL4 represents fetal gut differentiation of gastric cancer, and is diagnostically useful in distinguishing hepatoid gastric carcinoma from hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(4):533-540.  https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181d1dcdd
  48. Roh JH, Srivastava A, Lauwers GY, An J, Jang KT, Park CK, Sohn TS, Kim S, Kim KM. Micropapillary carcinoma of stomach: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(8):1139-1146. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181e7043b
  49. Ushiku T, Matsusaka K, Iwasaki Y, Tateishi Y, Funata N, Seto Y, Fukayama M. Gastric carcinoma with invasive micropapillary pattern and its association with lymph node metastasis. Histopathology. 2011;59(6):1081-1089. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04055.x
  50. Miyazawa M, Matsuda M, Yano M, Hara Y, Arihara F, Horita Y, Matsuda K, Sakai A, Noda Y. Gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type: Five cases treated with endoscopic resection. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(26):8208-8214. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8208
  51. Benedict MA, Lauwers GY, Jain D. Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Fundic Gland Type: Update and Literature Review. Am J Clin Pathol. 2018;149(6):461-473.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqy019
  52. Hayashi I, Muto Y, Fujii Y, Morimatsu M. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the stomach. J Surg Oncol. 1987;34(2):94-99.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.2930340206
  53. Ooi A, Nakanishi I, Itoh T, Ueda H, Mai M. Predominant paneth cell differentiation in an intestinal type gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract. 1991;187(2-3):220-225.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0344-0338(11)80775-2
  54. Capella C, Frigerio B, Cornaggia M, Solcia E, Pinzon-Trujillo Y, Chejfec G. Gastric parietal cell carcinoma--a newly recognized entity: light microscopic and ultrastructural features. Histopathology. 1984;8(5):813-824.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1984.tb02397.x
  55. Gao S, Chen D, Huang L, Dai R, Shan Y. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach: a case report and literature review. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(8):9667-9671.
  56. Chen YY, Li AF, Huang KH, Lan YT, Chen MH, Chao Y, Lo SS, Wu CW, Shyr YM, Fang WL. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach and review of the literature. Pathol Oncol Res. 2015; 21(3):547-551.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-014-9890-7
  57. Saito S, Hosoya Y, Morishima K, Ui T, Haruta H, Kurashina K, Meguro Y, Zuiki T, Sata N, Fujii H, Matsubara D, Niki T, Lefor AT, Yasuda Y. A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of gastric cancer with squamous cell carcinoma components: a clinically aggressive tumor. J Dig Dis. 2012;13(8):407-413.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00610.x
  58. Feng F, Zheng G, Qi J, Xu G, Wang F, Wang Q, Guo M, Lian X, Zhang H. Clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric adenosquamous carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4597. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04563-2
  59. Chen H, Shen C, Yin R, Yin Y, Chen J, Han L, Zhang B, Chen Z, Chen J. Clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13:136.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-015-0554-1
  60. Mori M, Iwashita A, Enjoji M. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the stomach. A clinicopathologic analysis of 28 cases. Cancer. 1986; 57(2):333-339. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19860115)57:2<333::aid-cncr2820570224>3.0.co;2-u "> 3.0.co;2-u" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19860115)57:2<333::aid-cncr2820570224>3.0.co;2-u
  61. Agaimy A, Daum O, Markl B, Lichtmannegger I, Michal M, Hartmann A. SWI/SNF complex-deficient undifferentiated/rhabdoid carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: A series of 13 cases highlighting mutually exclusive loss of SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 and frequent Co-inactivation of SMARCB1 and SMARCA2. Am J Surg Pathol. 2016;40(4):544-553.  https://doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000000554
  62. Agaimy A, Rau TT, Hartmann A, Stoehr R. SMARCB1 (INI1)-negative rhabdoid carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: clinicopathologic and molecular study of a highly aggressive variant with literature review. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38(7):910-920.  https://doi.org/10.1097/pas.0000000000000173
  63. Fernandes T, Silva R, Devesa V, Lopes JM, Carneiro F, Viamonte B. AIRP best cases in radiologic-pathologic correlation: gastroblastoma: a rare biphasic gastric tumor. Radiographics. 2014;34(7):1929-1933. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.347130103
  64. Graham RP, Nair AA, Davila JI, Jin L, Jen J, Sukov WR, Wu TT, Appelman HD, Torres-Mora J, Perry KD, et al. Gastroblastoma harbors a recurrent somatic MALAT1-GLI1 fusion gene. Mod Pathol. 2017;30(10):1443-1452. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2017.68
  65. Ma Y, Zheng J, Zhu H, Dong K, Zheng S, Xiao X, Chen L. Gastroblastoma in a 12-year-old Chinese boy. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7(6):3380-3384.
  66. Miettinen M, Dow N, Lasota J, Sobin LH. A distinctive novel epitheliomesenchymal biphasic tumor of the stomach in young adults («gastroblastoma»): a series of 3 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(9):1370-1377. https://doi.org/10.1097/pas.0b013e3181a6a792
  67. Shin DH, Lee JH, Kang HJ, Choi KU, Kim JY, Park DY, Lee CH, Sol MY, Park JH, Kim HY, Montgomery E. Novel epitheliomesenchymal biphasic stomach tumour (gastroblastoma) in a 9-year-old: morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings. J Clin Pathol. 2010;63(3):270-274.  https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2009.074104
  68. Toumi O, Ammar H, Korbi I, Ayed M, Gupta R, Nasr M, Salem R, Hadhri R, Zayed S, Noomen F, Zakhama A, Zouari K. Gastroblastoma, a biphasic neoplasm of stomach: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2017;39:72-76.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.06.061
  69. Wey EA, Britton AJ, Sferra JJ, Kasunic T, Pepe LR, Appelman HD. Gastroblastoma in a 28-year-old man with nodal metastasis: proof of the malignant potential. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(8):961-964.  https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0372-CR
  70. Spans L, Fletcher CD, Antonescu CR, Rouquette A, Coindre JM, Sciot R, Debiec-Rychter M. Recurrent MALAT1-GLI1 oncogenic fusion and GLI1 up-regulation define a subset of plexiform fibromyxoma. J Pathol. 2016;239(3):335-343.  https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4730

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register


We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.