The role of the Kyoto classification in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection

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Chronic gastritis is one of the most common disorders that can be detected during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Mostly, it is associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. H. pylori infection is a predisposing factor in developing varios clinical conditions such as gastric adenocarcinomas, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers and its complications. Advanced endoscopy system supports visualization of gastric mucosa in the finest details. Furthermore, endoscopists with the help of vast majority of up-to-date scientific researches could easily detect gastritis, determine the presence or absence of H. pylori infection, and assess the risk of gastric cancer. The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society approved the Kyoto Classification in 2013. The new grading system is used to organize endoscopic findings related to H. pylori-associated gastritis. It is helpful for determining H. pylori infection and evaluating gastric cancer risk. Atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, enlarged folds, and nodularity of the gastric antrum mucosa indicate an increased risk of gastric cancer. It could be ranged from 0 to 8. A Kyoto classification score of 0 indicates no history of H. pylori infection. A Kyoto classification score of 2 or more illustrates H. pylori-associated gastritis. A Kyoto classification score of 4 or more may suggests a high risk of gastric cancer.

Keywords:

gastric cancer

Helicobacter pylori

endoscopy

Kyoto classification

atrophy

intestinal metaplasia

enlarged folds

nodularity

diffuse redness

regular arrangement of collecting venules

Authors:

Korzheva I.Yu.

Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education;
Botkin City Clinical Hospital

ORCID: 0000-0002-5984-5660

Laktyun’kina E.N.

Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education;
Veresaev City Clinical Hospital

ORCID: 0000-0002-5920-5380

Kozyr’ L.V.

City Clinical Hospital No. 17

ORCID: 0009-0002-5254-5873

Fomina M.S.

Eramishantsev City Clinical Hospital

ORCID: 0009-0006-3165-3786

Received:

27.11.2023

Accepted:

29.01.2024

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