The presented literature review reveals the topic of the features of risk factors for cognitive impairment in women in the perimenopausal period (PMP), as well as the possibilities of their earliest detection and correction. The paper searches for various symptoms and predictors of the development of cognitive impairment in women in the PMP. The key features include certain difficulties in making a diagnosis at earlier stages. The relationship of metabolic disorders with factors negatively affecting the health of women in the PPP, as well as contributing to the deterioration of cognitive functions, is considered. Women are more at risk of developing cognitive impairment and represent a specific target group that requires special attention in assessing risk factors and methods for correcting cognitive disorders. To date, the relationship between gender and dementia risk still needs to be studied in more depth. Given this, menopause is an important physiological period, as it is accompanied by intense hormonal changes that may be the direct cause of cognitive decline. Many women experience mood disorders, anxiety, increased mental and/or physical fatigue, irritability, mild cognitive disorders, which requires an interdisciplinary approach by doctors to this issue. All these manifestations should be evaluated and corrected in time to avoid their progression and a decrease in the quality of life. An integrated approach to therapy, both medicinal and non-medicinal, can significantly improve the quality of life of patients in the PPP.