OBJECTIVE
To determine the presence of the link between anamnestic, clinical laboratory data and degree of cognitive impairments’ severity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study includes the results of observations for 42 children and adolescents aged 8—16 years with a final diagnosis of type 1 DM, hospitalized as part of the annual planned hospitalization in the endocrinology department of «Children’s Hospital №1» (Tomsk) from April to July 2023. Anamnestic data, clinical laboratory manifestations of the disease, physical examination data were studied. Neuropsychological testing was conducted using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children and adolescents. Patients were divided into groups depending on the test results: 1st group — patients with 99 scores and less (low IQ), 2nd group — from 100 to 130 scores (average IQ), 3rd group — above 130 scores (high IQ).
RESULTS
A low IQ has been registered in 11.9% (5) of children and adolescents with type 1 DM. Analysis of anamnestic, clinical laboratory data, as well as the results of physical examination, neuropsychological testing did not show statistically significant differences between groups. Nevertheless, according to correlation analysis data, verbal IQ and overall IQ are connected by a negative correlation with the disease onset with ketoacidosis (r= –0.5 and r= –0.6 respectively), the number of past ketoacidosis episodes in history (r= –0.5), with complications presence in the form of distal sensory polyneuropathy (r= –0.5) in children and adolescents with a normal intelligence level. Non-verbal IQ and overall IQ in this group correlated with age at the disease onset (r=0.5) and the disease duration (r= –0.6). The overall IQ also had an inverse relationship with the MAU level (r= –0.5).
CONCLUSION
Cognitive impairments in children and adolescents are registered as early as in childhood and adolescence. A potential linear relationship of age at the disease onset, the disease duration, the presence of ketoacidosis, distal sensory polyneuropathy in the history, the level of microalbuminuria with the IQ value has been identified.
