Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the urgent problems of clinical neurology and the second most common cause of dementia. Vascular factors leading to the development of hypoxia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial, endothelial dysfunction and, ultimately, to the development of apoptosis with the formation of degenerative brain changes are considered among the main risk factors for the development of CVD. The most important mechanisms of the development of TFR are hypoxia and oxidative stress, which indicate the need for the use of drugs with antihypoxant and antioxidant activity. Such drugs include Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate). Mexidol directly affects the pathogenetic factors of the formation of ischemic-hypoxic brain damage, has a high clinical efficacy in the treatment of various forms of cerebral circulatory insufficiency.