
Астроциты как центральный структурно-функциональный компонент развития смешанной деменции
Журнал: Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(9):7-14.
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20261260917
Прочитано: 93 раза
Резюме
Смешанная деменция, характеризующаяся сочетанием патологии, вызванной болезнью Альцгеймера и цереброваскулярным заболеванием (ЦВЗ), широко распространена в пожилом возрасте. Накопленные данные свидетельствуют о том, что ЦВЗ является активным участником нейродегенеративного процесса: она потенцирует амилоидный и тау-каскады и усиливает прогрессирующую дезинтеграцию функциональных и структурных сетей мозга. В обзоре представлены данные, свидетельствующие о том, что астроциты являются центральным интегративным элементом, связывающим патологию бета-амилоида и тау-белка, дисфункцию нейроваскулярной единицы, нарушения гематоэнцефалического барьера и изменения глимфатической системы при смешанной деменции. Обсуждаются гомеостатические функции астроцитов и их реактивная трансформация с усилением передачи сигналов Ca2+, метаболическое взаимодействие, поляризация аквапорина-4 (AQP4) и фенотипы воспаления. Астроциты представляют собой ключевые модуляторы системной организации мозговой активности и центральное звено конвергенции патологических процессов при смешанной деменции. Таргетное воздействие на астроцит-опосредованные механизмы может открыть новые терапевтические возможности для коррекции бета-амилоид- и тау-протеинопатии.
Ключевые слова
- астроциты
- смешанная деменция
- болезнь Альцгеймера
- сосудистые когнитивные нарушения
- нейроваскулярная единица
- глимфатическая система
- гематоэнцефалический барьер
- кислый глиофибириллярный белок
- тау-белок
Дата поступления: 31.03.2026
Дата принятия в печать: 24.05.2026
Дата публикации: 20.10.2026
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