In recent years, there has been an aging trend throughout the world. Globally, it is estimated that 50% of all older people have had at least one surgical operation. It is well known that compared with younger patients, people over 60 years of age have a higher risk of adverse postoperative outcomes. One of the possible complications of surgical intervention is the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which is observed in about a quarter of patients. Among gerontological patients and those who underwent cardiac surgery, cognitive impairment is more common, reaching 80%. POCD has a negative impact on the course of recovery processes and life prognosis. There are a large number of risk factors for the development of POCD, associated both with the surgical intervention itself and with the patient’s condition. One of the ways to prevent the occurrence of POCD is the use of neurometabolic drugs. Cytoflavin, containing inosine, nicotinamide, riboflavin and succinic acid, has demonstrated its effectiveness in relation to the risk of POCD in cardiac surgery patients. The results of a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study confirmed that Cytoflavin is an effective means of preventing and correcting postoperative cognitive disorders in high-risk patients.