Нейробиологическая роль солей лития

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Соли лития являются основой лечения биполярного расстройства более 50 лет, с 1970 г., когда FDA выдало официальное разрешение для лечения данной патологии. Хорошо изучены различные молекулярные механизмы действия лития в первую очередь ингибирование ферментов киназы-гликоген-синтентазы-3β и инозитолмонофосфатазы, с последующей активацией каскадов клеточных реакций, включающих индукцию мозгового нейротрофического фактора, антиапоптотических белков, подавление кальцийзависимой активации апоптоза. Исследования последнего десятилетия сосредоточены на влиянии лития на регуляцию аутофагии, процессы накопления в нейронах патологических белков таких как бета-амилоида и тау-протеина. Также предполагается, что литий вызывает удлинение теломер и увеличивает активность теломеразы. Клинические исследования лития посвящены возможностям его использования для профилактики и лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний в первую очередь болезни Альцгеймера, причем возрастающее значение уделяется использованию микродоз лития. Отдельной научной проблемой является поиск безопасных и эффективных солей лития, в том числе используя хемореактомный анализ.

Ключевые слова:

литиевая терапия

аутофагия

теломеразы

хемоинформатика

нейроцитология

токсикология

нейропротекция

болезнь Альцгеймера

Авторы:

Гоголева И.В.

ГБОУ ВПО «Ивановская государственная медицинская академия» МЗ РФ;
РСЦ «Нейробиология» Института микроэлементов ЮНЕСКО

Громова О.А.

ФИЦ ИУ РАН «Институт фармакоинформатики»;
Центр хранения и анализа больших данных МГУ

Торшин И.Ю.

ФИЦ ИУ РАН «Институт фармакоинформатики»;
Центр хранения и анализа больших данных МГУ

Гришина Т.Р.

ФГБОУ ВО «Ивановская государственная медицинская академия» Минздрава России

Пронин А.В.

Дата поступления:

06.06.2022

Дата принятия в печать:

11.07.2022

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